164 research outputs found
Second-order analytic solutions for re-entry trajectories
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76344/1/AIAA-1993-3679-680.pd
Higher-order analytic solutions for critical cases of ballistic entry
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/77179/1/AIAA-1996-3425-378.pd
Dense Feature Memory Augmented Transformers for COVID-19 Vaccination Search Classification
With the devastating outbreak of COVID-19, vaccines are one of the crucial
lines of defense against mass infection in this global pandemic. Given the
protection they provide, vaccines are becoming mandatory in certain social and
professional settings. This paper presents a classification model for detecting
COVID-19 vaccination related search queries, a machine learning model that is
used to generate search insights for COVID-19 vaccinations. The proposed method
combines and leverages advancements from modern state-of-the-art (SOTA) natural
language understanding (NLU) techniques such as pretrained Transformers with
traditional dense features. We propose a novel approach of considering dense
features as memory tokens that the model can attend to. We show that this new
modeling approach enables a significant improvement to the Vaccine Search
Insights (VSI) task, improving a strong well-established gradient-boosting
baseline by relative +15% improvement in F1 score and +14% in precision.Comment: EMNLP 202
Chronic Invasive Aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus viridinutans
Aspergillus viridinutans, a mold phenotypically resembling A. fumigatus, was identified by gene sequence analyses from 2 patients. Disease was distinct from typical aspergillosis, being chronic and spreading in a contiguous manner across anatomical planes. We emphasize the recognition of fumigati-mimetic molds as agents of chronic or refractory aspergillosis
Confident Adaptive Language Modeling
Recent advances in Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have led to
significant performance improvements across many tasks. These gains come with a
drastic increase in the models' size, potentially leading to slow and costly
use at inference time. In practice, however, the series of generations made by
LLMs is composed of varying levels of difficulty. While certain predictions
truly benefit from the models' full capacity, other continuations are more
trivial and can be solved with reduced compute. In this work, we introduce
Confident Adaptive Language Modeling (CALM), a framework for dynamically
allocating different amounts of compute per input and generation timestep.
Early exit decoding involves several challenges that we address here, such as:
(1) what confidence measure to use; (2) connecting sequence-level constraints
to local per-token exit decisions; and (3) attending back to missing hidden
representations due to early exits in previous tokens. Through theoretical
analysis and empirical experiments on three diverse text generation tasks, we
demonstrate the efficacy of our framework in reducing compute -- potential
speedup of up to -- while provably maintaining high performance
Infections in secondary immunodeficiency patients treated with Privigen® or Hizentra®: a retrospective US administrative claims study in patients with hematological malignancies
B cell-derived lymphoproliferative disorders are associated with secondary immunodeficiency (SID); some patients require immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) to mitigate infections. Using IQVIA’s PharMetrics® Plus database, patients with SID who received IgPro10/IgPro20 in the 12 months post-diagnosis (IgRT users) were matched to patients with SID not receiving IgRT (non-IgRT users). The risk of severe infection was compared using within-patient change from baseline to follow-up as well as between cohorts. Overall, 277 IgRT users were matched to 1019 non-IgRT users. Before IgRT, more IgRT users experienced any bacterial infection (88.4% vs. 72.9%; p<.0001) or ≥1 severe bacterial infection (SBI) (42.2% vs. 31.8%; p=.0011) vs. non-IgRT users. During follow-up, risk of SBI among IgRT users (21.7%) reached parity with non-IgRT users (21.2%). IgRT was associated with a reduction in SBIs to levels comparable with the lower ‘baseline infection risk’ of non-IgRT users. These criteria help define SID patients who may benefit from IgRT
Risk factors for severe infections in secondary immunodeficiency: a retrospective US administrative claims study in patients with hematological malignancies
Real-world data are lacking to identify patients with secondary immunodeficiency (SID) who may benefit most from anti-infective interventions. This retrospective analysis used the IQVIA PharMetrics® Plus database to assess baseline characteristics associated with risk of severe infections post-SID diagnosis in patients with hematological malignancies. In 4066 patients included, the mean number of any and severe infections per patient in the one-year pre-SID diagnosis period was 9.5 and 0.7, respectively. Post-SID diagnosis, the mean annualized number of any and severe infections was 19.1 and 1.5, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified a threshold (cutoff) of three bacterial infections at baseline as optimally predictive of severe infections post-SID diagnosis. Multivariate analysis indicated that hospitalizations, infections (≥3), or antibiotic use pre-SID diagnosis were predictive of severe infections post-SID diagnosis. Evaluation of these risk factors could inform clinical decisions regarding which patients may benefit from prophylactic anti-infective treatment, including immunoglobulin replacement if warranted
Targeting FcRn for immunomodulation: Benefits, risks, and practical considerations
The neonatal fragment crystallizable (Fc) receptor (FcRn) functions as a recycling mechanism to prevent degradation and extend the half-life of IgG and albumin in the circulation. Several FcRn inhibitors selectively targeting IgG recycling are now moving rapidly toward clinical practice in neurology and hematology. These molecules accelerate the destruction of IgG, reducing pathogenic IgG and IgG immune complexes, with no anticipated effects on IgA, IgM, IgE, complement, plasma cells, B cells, or other cells of the innate or adaptive immune systems. FcRn inhibitors have potential for future use in a much wider variety of antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases. Given the imminent clinical use, potential for broader utility, and novel mechanism of action of FcRn inhibitors, here we review data from 4 main sources: (a) currently available activity, safety, and mechanism-of-action data from clinical trials of FcRn inhibitors; (b) other procedures and treatments that also remove IgG (plasma donation, plasma exchange, immunoadsorption); (c) diseases resulting in loss of IgG; and (d) primary immunodeficiencies with potential mechanistic similarities to those induced by FcRn inhibitors. These data have been evaluated to provide practical considerations for the assessment, monitoring, and reduction of any potential infection risk associated with FcRn inhibition, in addition to highlighting areas for future research
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