The impact of trade liberalization upon inequality in developing countries - A review of theory and evidence-

The examination of the impact of trade reform and globalization is ultimately concerned with two fundamental goals: improving the average level of income per capita and achieving greater equality in the distribution of income. Trade liberalization is a key aspect of the broader topic of globalization", but is more clearly defined and more clearly linked to economic theory and policy. This study examines the evidence for developing countries over the last two decades concerning the impact of trade reform upon the distribution of wages. 2 Recent studies of the impact of trade upon distribution emerged as an attempt to understand the rapid growth in the relative wages of more versus less educated workers in the United States beginning in the 1970´s that could not be explained by changes in the relative supply of skill. This spawned an large, still expanding empirical and theoretic literature focusing on developing countries that subsequently led to examination of the same issues in developing countries. The principal theoretic reference point for the recent literature on trade and distribution is the Hecksher-Ohlin-Samuelson (or Hecksher-Ohlin-Viner, henceforth "HOS/HOV") model and related Stolper-Samuelson and Rybczinski theorems. The Stolper-Samuelson theorem as applied to production with skilled and unskilled labor leads to opposite predictions for the impact of trade liberalization on distribution for "Northern" countries with a comparative advantage in skilled labor versus "Southern" countries with a compative advantage in unskilled labor. In the North the Stolper-Samuelson theorem predicts that trade liberalization leads to a rise in relative wages, while leading to a fall in relative wages in the South. Consequently, for unchanging distributions of human capital within countries over time, trade liberalization would worsen the distribution of wages in the North while improving the distribution of wages in the South. This prediction of the Stolper-Samuelson theorem has been invoked by institutions such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund to justify trade liberalization in the South, arguing that trade liberalization leads to both greater economic growth and better distribution of wages in the South. The remainder of this paper is organized into six sections: Sections II and III examine what the impact of trade liberalization and globalization has been. Section II presents the theoretic and methodological basis for studies concerning what the impact of liberalization upon distribution has been, while Section III summarizes and evaluates the empirical evidence. Sections IV and V examine the reasons for the empirical findings in Section III, or why trade liberalization has had the documented impacts upon distribution. Section IV summarizes the theoretic and methodological bases for these studies, while Section V summarizes and evaluates the relevant empirical literature. Section VI concludes."

Oral History Interview of Donald Goodrich (SOH-016)

Donald Goodrich recalls his twenty-two year career at Suffolk University, which began in 1947 when he was hired as the university registrar; he was appointed dean of the colleges in 1956, then university vice president in 1966, before his retirement in 1969. Goodrich discusses his professional background, working with Dean Lester Ott, and his role in the admissions and enrollment processes. He also describes how Suffolk changed from his first days there and remarks upon the administrative transitions after the retirement of university founder Gleason Archer.https://dc.suffolk.edu/soh/1012/thumbnail.jp

Radiological assessment for Space Station Freedom

Circumstances have made it necessary to reassess the risks to Space Station Freedom crewmembers that arise from exposure to the space radiation environment. An option is being considered to place it in an orbit similar to that of the Russian Mir space station. This means it would be in a 51.6 deg inclination orbit instead of the previously planned 28.5 deg inclination orbit. A broad range of altitudes is still being considered, although the baseline is a 407 km orbit. In addition, recent data from the Japanese A-bomb survivors has made it necessary for NASA to have the exposure limits reviewed. Preliminary findings of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements indicate that the limits must be significantly reduced. Finally, the Space Station will be a laboratory where effects of long-term zero gravity on human physiology will be studied in detail. It is possible that a few crewmembers will be assigned to as many as three 1-year missions. Thus, their accumulated exposure will exceed 1,000 days. Results of this radiation risk assessment for Space Station Freedom crewmembers finds that females less than 35 years old will be confined to mission assignments where the altitude is less than about 400 km. Slight restrictions may also need to be made for male crewmembers less than 35 years old

Hoplia equina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Nontarget Capture Using 2-Tetradecanone-Baited Traps

Using bucket traps baited with 2-tetradecanone, the sex pheromone of Hoplia equina LeConte, an important pest of cranberries in Massachusetts, we investigated the effect of trap height, color, pheromone load, and lure aging on male capture, as well as captures of nontarget arthropods including pollinators. Male capture was inversely related to height of traps over the four heights tested (0, 20, 60, and 100 cm). Captures increased with increasing pheromone load over the doses of 0, 100, 300, and 600 μg, but captures at the highest load, 1,000 μg, were not significantly different from 300 or 600 μg. H. equina captures were strongly diurnal, with a flight period spanning ≈6 wk starting in mid-June. Vane color of traps (white, yellow, green, blue, red, black) did not affect H. equina capture but significantly influenced capture of nontargets, including pollinators. A bucket trap with the funnel opening at 20 cm, and green (or red) vanes, baited with 600 μg of 2-tetradecanone, was the optimal design for high male capture and low nontarget capture. The low-cost capture of over 50,000 H. equina on a 2.4-ha commercial bog in Massachusetts with this lure-trap combination indicates the feasibility of mass trapping for managing established infestations of H. equin

The Ursinus Weekly, December 9, 1963

Ten Ursinus students named to Who\u27s who • Mrs. Randall, 942 resident head, dies Saturday • UC Circle holds Christmas party • College Bowl team prepares for meet • J. A. Minnich attends seminar • Breeches Bible used at vespers • Handel\u27s Messiah to be given at UC; 26th annual concert set for Dec. 12 • PSEA to hear talk on testing • Notes on the WSGA • Barnhouse of TV 10 speaks • Design for Living program Tuesday night • Editorial: Curtain Club meets the challenge; Constitutional controls viewed • Reaction from abroad: Stockholm; Tokyo • Letters to the editor • Dear Wormwood: Theatre in the round a success at UC • Greek gleanings • Ivory tower • The kaleidoscope student: In review • John Acton will speak to Young Republicans • Troster guides UC quintet to opening victory • Intramural corner • Smiley and Day get hockey honors • Soccer team ends season with 4-5-2 • Weisel elected unsung herohttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1260/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, November 25, 1963

John F. Kennedy buried at Arlington today: Assassination saddens world • Students react to news of murder • Assassination historically • President\u27s life in review • A statement about John Kennedy • Oswald murdered Sunday • Chapel service held in memory of Kennedy • Editorial: Riderless horse; Reign of reason • Letters to the editor • Students petition for corrective measures at 6th Ave. & Main St. • Candace Sprecher struck by auto • Student editors at Scranton\u27s press conference • Messiah to be presented Dec. 12 • Tara theme of Senior Ball • Donald Barnhouse, TV 10 newscaster to speak • Soviets speak at Phila. Council: UC students question • College group visits Saint Gabriels • Lyndon Baines Johnson sworn in as 36 President Friday November 22, 1963 • Lecture presented on Rome Council • Greek gleanings • Curtain Club\u27s first theatre in round production December 6 • Teacher exams to be given Feb. 15https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1259/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, February 10, 1964

Tickets still available for Four Freshmen • Lorelei dance February 14; Music by Lester Lanin • Dr. Allen, Ursinus prof, publishes book of poems • IS-IFC plans set for song festival • Dr. Helen T. Garrett to leave UC for Parisian sabbatical • Job interview schedule released • Weekly editors, staff hold tea for College faculty • Dr. R. Doane to speak at UC Circle meeting • Two students visit campus • Dr. Carleton Coon, anthropologist, to speak at UC Forum on Feb. 12 • Sorority rushing to begin Monday • Frats to begin Spring rush • Mr. J. Douglas Davis to conduct fourth annual European tour • Lincoln students to visit Ursinus • Students unite for Lodge • Dr. R. Fletcher, Ursinus faculty, named in D.I.B. • Our man in Sweden travels to Spain • New UC Bulletin has a new look • Fashion career fellowships available • Letters to the editor • Impending crisis in our American railroads • UC basketeers knocked from MAC top rung • Preview: Girls\u27 sports • Grapplers bow to Albright after pinning H\u27ford matmen • Alumna wins in squashhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1263/thumbnail.jp

Cognitive Information Processing

Contains reports on four research projects.National Institutes of Health (Grant 1 P01 GM-14940-01)National Institutes of Health (Grant 1 PO1 GM-15006-01)Joint Services Electronics Programs (U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Air Force) under Contract DA 28-043-AMC-02536(E