15 research outputs found
Gorana Krstic & Friedrich Schneider (Eds), Formalizing the Shadow Economy in Serbia: Policy Measures and Growth Effects
Abstract. Tax evasion, illicit work and social security fraud are even in Europe widely spread - especially in Eastern and Southern European Countries. Up to an additional one fourth of the official economic activities takes place in the underground. Most governments focus on fighting this deviant behaviour by punitive measures. But empirical data shows in opposition to standard economic theory that this way is expensive, inefficient, and finally unsuccessful. Governments have to change institutions (e.g. tax system) and regulations to reduce incentives for illicit work and tax evasion. An increasing burden of taxation and social security contributions is – as well as regulations and the poor quality of institutions – the driving force for the increase of the shadow economy especially in OECD-countries, as various empirical analyses have shown (e.g. Enste, 2015). For Central and Eastern European countries, multivariate analyses provide evidence for the significant influence of corruption, economic freedom, and the quality of institutions on the size of the shadow economy
Gospodarstvo u sjeni i institucionalne promjene u tranzicijskim zemljama
Gospodarstvo u sjeni izazov je za gospodarsku i za socijalnu politiku ne samo u tranzicijskim zemljama nego i u zemljama OECD-a. U članku je prikazana teorija razvoja gospodarstva u sjeni, koja objašnjava učinak širenja toga gospodarstva na službene institucije i pravila – te vodi institucionalnim promjenama. Usto se razmatraju i uzroci i učinci jačanja gospodarstva u sjeni. Potvrđuje se da je neuspješna gospodarska politika najvažniji uzrok snažnog jačanja aktivnosti gospodarstva u sjeni. Među važnijim razlozima prelaska na gospodarstvo u sjeni veliko je porezno opterećenje, velik broj propisa i neodgovarajuća dostupnost javnih dobara kao što su zajamčena vlasnička prava, neraspoloživost infrastrukture. U tranzicijskim zemljama nedostatak stabilnih institucija, neučinkovita administracija i korupcija, zajedno sa slabijim poreznim moralom i manjom odanošću državnoj vlasti, potiču širenje neformalnih gospodarskih aktivnosti. Sklonost sudjelovanju u aktivnostima gospodarstva u sjeni trebala bi se smatrati znakom upozorenja. Sve jači otpor postojećim normama i institucijama gospodarstva može se ublažiti primjenom “strategije dvaju stupova”. Ta strategija obuhvaća mjere kojima se smanjuje privlačnost mogućnosti izlaska, a jača mogućnost izjašnjavanja
Welchen Umfang haben Schattenwirtschaft und Schwarzarbeit? Ein Versuch zur Lösung des Rätsels
In der November-Ausgabe 2005 des WIRTSCHAFTSDIENST hat Walter A. S. Koch die Schätzungen von Dominik H. Enste und Friedrich Schneider zur Größe der Schattenwirtschaft kritisch bewertet. Dr. Enste und Prof. Schneider stellen hier noch einmal ihre Schätzmethoden dar. Im Anschluss daran eine Erwiderung von Prof. Koch und eine Antwort von Dr. Enste und Prof. Schneider. --
Regulierung, Lebenszufriedenheit und Arbeitsplatzsicherheit : eine Analyse auf Basis von internationalen Umfrage- und Regulierungsdaten
Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and Consequences
Using various methods, the size of the shadow economy in 76 developing, transition, and OECD countries is estimated. Average size varies from 12 percent of GDP for OECD countries, to 23 percent for transition countries and 39 percent for developing countries. Increasing taxation and social security contributions combined with rising state regulations are driving forces for the increase of the shadow economy, especially in OECD countries. According to some findings, corruption has a positive impact on the size of the shadow economy, and a growing shadow economy has a negative effect on official GDP growth.
Unterschiede im Denken zwischen Ökonomen und Laien - Erklärungsansätze zur Verbesserung der wirtschaftspolitischen Beratung
Recent findings in Economic Psychology on the thinking and judgment of economic laymen can help to improve economic policy advice. First, based on psychological theories and empirical findings, the notion of the Homo oeconomicus is challenged. The economic situation is judged by laymen using implicit theories and biases, which are not in line with neoclassical economics. Then, the relevance of these theories and heuristics is shown empirically by the systematically different opinions of economists and non-economists on economic policy measures like minimum wages and maximum salaries. Conclusions for policy advisors complement the analysis. Copyright 2009 die Autoren Journal compilation 2009, Verein für Socialpolitik und Blackwell Publishing Ltd.