РАЗВИТИЕ МЕТОДОВ РАСЧЕТА СИСТЕМ ТЯГОВОГО ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЯ И ПИТАЮЩИХ ИХ ЭНЕРГОСИСТЕМ

Currently, the cause deterioration of quality rating of electricity on tire traction substations AC can be either how mode of operation of power systems, industrial loads so and the impact of electric traction. The experience of energy surveys show that the loss from flow potential equalization currents in each the third plot between traction substations AC is amount to not less than 250 thousand kW∙h per year. To select the optimum power and places location of the device longitudinal capacitive of compensation and decision other tasks it is necessary methodology of systems of calculation that takes into account the complex nature of the mutual influence of the quality of the electricity coming from the energy system of and the transportation process. In the paper proposed three options for calculation algorithms modes work of existing and perspective systems, traction power supply AC jointly with power supply their by energy systems, including the algorithm for calculating networks of different nominal voltages using the transformations; decomposition and synthesis of networks with different voltage levels; the iterations and probabilistic assessment of the impact of power mains. Developed the schemes formalization of graphs and the matrices of portions of the outer and traction power supply and method of selecting parameters and places location of the devices longitudinal capacitive of compensation, which are based on direct methods solving systems of linear algebraic equations with a dense banded and profile-sparse the matrix. Are generalized ways of formation and transformation of graphs of schemes traction power supply and feeding them energy systems and proposed the method of calculation the complex the moment of schemes, which increases the accuracy of calculating of flows power on traction networks to 1-2 % and allows you to select the optimal parameters and places location of the devices longitudinal capacitive of compensation. Analysis of the results of modeling and real modes of traction network shows that the efficiency of use longitudinal capacitive compensation is high on traction substations for which the resistance external electric power supply system of the is greater than 0.5 ohms, and the degree of compensation is within the allowable K = 0.7.Статья посвящена развитию методов расчета систем тягового электроснабжения с учетом питающих их энергосистем. Предложены алгоритмы формализации графов схем внешнего и тягового электроснабжения и методика выбора параметров и мест размещения установок продольной компенсации.Стаття присвячена розвитку методів розрахунку систем тягового електропостачання з урахуванням енергосистем, що їх живлять. Запропоновано алгоритми формалізації графів схем зовнішнього і тягового електропостачання та методика вибору параметрів і місць розміщення установок поздовжньої компенсації

РЕЖИМЫ РАБОТЫ СИСТЕМЫ ТЯГОВОГО ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЯ ПЕРЕМЕННОГО ТОКА С УСТРОЙСТВАМИ КОМПЕНСАЦИИ РЕАКТИВНОЙ МОЩНОСТИ

The paper presents a systematic analysis of existing methods of reactive power compensation. The study of operating modes of the systems external and traction power supply is carried out. The methodology for selecting promising compensation schemes and energy-saving in the traction networks AC electrified railway lines is offered. The comparative evaluation of prospective controlled compensation devices shows that use of seamlessly adjustable devices with unregulated condensing the battery and with parallel translator regulated with thyristor unit and with filters to reduce harmonics bond to the large capital investments. For traction networks of domestic railways payback period is more than 10-15 years. The most promising for traction power supply today is a stepwise adjustable devices of reactive power compensation. For the efficient allocation of investments in programs and projects of modernization of system traction power supply developed by the methodology of selecting parameters and places placement devices transverse compensation in the system traction power supply, which is based on the use of software systems with imitation of interconnected instant circuits moving loads of electric rolling stock. Based on the results of multiple calculations full factor experiment when simulating work of the systems traction power supply during the day marked the most influencing factors on energy-saving in process freight on electric traction and established the extent of their influence. These include the overflows of power, the resistance of traction network, reactive power compensation, power supply circuits and the organization of trains. Innovative technologies energy-saving railways from positions of consideration their close connection with the systems external power supply are proposed.В статье дана сравнительная оценка регулируемых установок компенсации реактивной мощности и разработана методика выбора их параметров и мест размещения в электротяговой сети. Проведены исследование и анализ режимов работы электротяговых сетей и питающих линий энергосистем. Выделены факторы, которые в наибольшей степени влияют на энергосбережение.В статті проведена порівняльна оцінка регульованих установок компенсації реактивної потужності та розроблена методика вибору їх параметрів і місць розміщення в електротяговій мережі. Проведені дослідження та аналіз режимів роботи електротягових мереж і ліній енергосистем, що їх живлять. Виділені фактори, які в найбільшій мірі впливають на енергозбереження

АНАЛИЗ ЭНЕРГОЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ РЕЖИМОВ РАБОТЫ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ С ТЯГОВЫМИ НАГРУЗКАМИ

Innovative scenarios of reliable energy supply of transportation process aimed at reducing the specific energy consumption and increase energy efficiency of the systems of electric traction. The paper suggests innovative energy saving directions in traction networks of railways and new circuit solutions accessing traction substations in energy systems networks, ensure energy security of the transportation process. To ensure the energy security of rail transport special schemes were developed to propose the concept of external power traction substations, which would increase the number of connections to the networks of 220 – 330 kV, as well as the creation of transport and energy corridors, development of its own supply of electric networks of 110 kV substations and mobile RP-110 kV of next generation. Therefore, the investment program of the structures owned by the Ukrainian Railways (Ukrzaliznytsia) need to be synchronized in their technological characteristics, as well as the criteria of reliability and quality of power supply with the same external energy investment programs. It is found that without any load on left or right supplying arm one of two less loaded phases of traction transformer begins generating specific modes in the supplying three-phase line. Thus, modes of mobile substation cause leakage in one of the phases of the supply line of traction transformers of active-capacitive current, and as a result generating energy in the main power line of 154 kV, which is fixed and calculated by electricity meters. For these three phase mode supply network is necessary to use 1st algorithm, i.e. taking into account the amount of electricity as the energy in all phases. For effective application of reactive power compensation devices in the AC traction power supply systems it is proposed to develop regulatory documentation on necessity of application and the order of choice of parameters and placement of compensation systems taking into account operation mode of power systems and the use of software systems with imitation of instantaneous interrelated schemes of transport loads.В статье предложены инновационные направления энергосбережения в тяговых сетях железных дорог и новые схемотехнические решения присоединения тяговых подстанций к сетям энергосистем, обеспечивающие энергобезопасность перевозочного процесса. Дано обоснование необходимости расчета тяговых подстанций по векторному методу трехфазного потребления энергии от подстанций НЭК «Укрэнерго».В статье предложены инновационные направления энергосбережения в тяговых сетях железных дорог и новые схемотехнические решения присоединения тяговых подстанций к сетям энергосистем, обеспечивающие энергобезопасность перевозочного процесса. Дано обоснование необходимости расчета тяговых подстанций по векторному методу трехфазного потребления энергии от подстанций НЭК «Укрэнерго»

СИСТЕМНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ЗОВНІШНЬОГО ЕЛЕКТРОПОСТАЧАННЯ ТЯГОВИХ ПІДСТАНЦІЙ ЗАЛІЗНИЦЬ

A system analysis of external power supply circuits of railways traction substations over the period of 1993 through 2011 and power supply circuits projects up to 2016 in the market economy environment and under standard requirements of the power industry of Ukraine is conducted.Проведен системный анализ схем внешнего электроснабжения тяговых подстанций железных дорог за период 1993-2011 годы и проектов схем на перспективу до 2016 года в условиях рыночной экономики и нормативных требований электроэнергетики Украины.Проведено системний аналіз схем зовнішнього електропостачання тягових підстанцій залізниць за період 1993-2011 роки та проектів схем на перспективу до 2016 року в умовах ринкової економіки і нормативних вимог електроенергетики України

СИСТЕМНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ЗОВНІШНЬОГО ЕЛЕКТРОПОСТАЧАННЯ ТЯГОВИХ ПІДСТАНЦІЙ ЗАЛІЗНИЦЬ

A system analysis of external power supply circuits of railways traction substations over the period of 1993 through 2011 and power supply circuits projects up to 2016 in the market economy environment and under standard requirements of the power industry of Ukraine is conducted.Проведен системный анализ схем внешнего электроснабжения тяговых подстанций железных дорог за период 1993-2011 годы и проектов схем на перспективу до 2016 года в условиях рыночной экономики и нормативных требований электроэнергетики Украины.Проведено системний аналіз схем зовнішнього електропостачання тягових підстанцій залізниць за період 1993-2011 роки та проектів схем на перспективу до 2016 року в умовах ринкової економіки і нормативних вимог електроенергетики України