Control of multi-terminal HVDC networks towards wind power integration: A review

© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. More interconnections among countries and synchronous areas are foreseen in order to fulfil the EU 2050 target on the renewable generation share. One proposal to accomplish this challenging objective is the development of the so-called European SuperGrid. Multi-terminal HVDC networks are emerging as the most promising technologies to develop such a concept. Moreover, multi-terminal HVDC grids are based on highly controllable devices, which may allow not only transmitting power, but also supporting the AC grids to ensure a secure and stable operation. This paper aims to present an overview of different control schemes for multi-terminal HVDC grids, including the control of the power converters and the controls for power sharing and the provision of ancillary services. This paper also analyses the proposed modifications of the existing control schemes to manage high participation shares of wind power generation in multi-terminal grids.Postprint (author's final draft

Els estatuts d'autonomia de les comunitats autònomes: una aproximació als principals debats doctrinals

Aquest article presenta les grans línies doctrinals sobre els aspectes més rellevants de la regulació constitucional i estatutària dels estatuts d’autonomia. L’article se centra en temes que la doctrina va explicant i tractant de forma transversal, en especial les discussions entorn del caràcter pactat dels estatuts. D’aquesta manera els aspectes procedimentals són tractats si tenen connexió amb discussions doctrinals i polítiques actuals, com són l’ús de l’article 150.2 CE o els drets històrics

Evolutionary history of the endangered fish Zoogoneticus quitzeoensis (Bean, 1898) (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae) using a sequential approach to phylogeography based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tectonic, volcanic and climatic events that produce changes in hydrographic systems are the main causes of diversification and speciation of freshwater fishes. Elucidate the evolutionary history of freshwater fishes permits to infer theories on the biotic and geological evolution of a region, which can further be applied to understand processes of population divergence, speciation and for conservation purposes. The freshwater ecosystems in Central Mexico are characterized by their genesis dynamism, destruction, and compartmentalization induced by intense geologic activity and climatic changes since the early Miocene. The endangered goodeid <it>Zoogoneticus quitzeoensis </it>is widely distributed across Central México, thus making it a good model for phylogeographic analyses in this area.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We addressed the phylogeography, evolutionary history and genetic structure of populations of <it>Z. quitzeoensis </it>through a sequential approach, based on both microsatellite and mitochondrial cytochrome <it>b </it>sequences. Most haplotypes were private to particular locations. All the populations analysed showed a remarkable number of haplotypes. The level of gene diversity within populations was <inline-formula><m:math name="1471-2148-8-161-i1" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><m:semantics><m:mover accent="true"><m:mi>H</m:mi><m:mo>¯</m:mo></m:mover><m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"> MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafmisaGKbaebaaaa@2D06@</m:annotation></m:semantics></m:math></inline-formula>_{<it>d </it>}= 0.987 (0.714 – 1.00). However, in general the nucleotide diversity was low, π = 0.0173 (0.0015 – 0.0049). Significant genetic structure was found among populations at the mitochondrial and nuclear level (Φ_ST= 0.836 and <it>F</it>_{<it>ST </it>}= 0.262, respectively). We distinguished two well-defined mitochondrial lineages that were separated <it>ca</it>. 3.3 million years ago (Mya). The time since expansion was <it>ca</it>. 1.5 × 10⁶years ago for Lineage I and <it>ca</it>. 860,000 years ago for Lineage II. Also, genetic patterns of differentiation, between and within lineages, are described at different historical timescales.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our mtDNA data indicates that the evolution of the different genetic groups is more related to ancient geological and climatic events (Middle Pliocene, <it>ca</it>. 3.3 Mya) than to the current hydrographic configuration of the basins. In general, mitochondrial and nuclear data supported the same relationships between populations, with the exception of some reduced populations in highly polluted basins (Lower Lerma River), where the effects of genetic drift are suggested by the different analyses at the nuclear and mitochondrial level. Further, our findings are of special interest for the conservation of this endangered species.</p

Murine models of ARVC: what have we learned and where do we go? Insight for therapeutics.

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a rare genetically-determined cardiac heart muscle disorder characterized by fibro-fatty replacement of the myocardium that causes heart failure and sudden cardiac death (SCD), predominantly in young males. The disease is often caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins of the desmosomal (cell-to-cell adhesion) complex, with a significant minority caused by mutations in non-desmosomal proteins. Existing treatment options are based on SCD prevention with the implantable cardioverter defibrillator and anti-heart failure medication. Heart transplantation may also be required and there is currently no cure. Several transgenic animal models have been developed to characterize the disease, assess its progression and determine the influence of potential environmental factors. Transgenic models are also very valuable for translational therapeutic approaches, to screen new treatment options that prevent and/or regress the disease. Here we review the available ARVC animal models reported to date, highlighting the most important pathophysiological findings and discussing the effect of treatments tested so far in this setting. We also describe gaps in current disease knowledge with the goal of facilitating research and improving patient outcomes.pre-print396 K

Vint-i-cinc anys de la Revista Catalana de Dret Públic : anàlisi del perfil dels autors que hi han publicat i de la temàtica dels articles

Aquest article s'insereix dins del número commemoratiu del vint-i-cinquè aniversari de la Revista catalana de dret públic i fa una descripció dels seus orígens duals com a revista dedicada als aspectes territorials de la construcció de l'Estat de les autonomies i com a revista generalista de dret públic. Explica les dues etapes de la Revista (de 1985 a 2004 i de 2005 a l'actualitat) i fa una anàlisi quantitativa dels autors que hi han publicat i dels continguts de llurs articles. L'article inclou també explicacions sobre la qualificació de la Revista i la seva versió electrònica.This article is part of a commemorative edition on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Revista catalana de dret públic. It describes the dual origin of the Revista as a review devoted to the territorial aspects of the construction of the State of Autonomous Communities and a general magazine dealing with issues of public law. The article explains the two stages of the Revista (from1985 to 2004 and from 2005 to the present) and performs a quantitative analysis of the authors who have published there and the contents of their articles. The article also includes explanations on the rating of the Revista and its electronic version.Este artículo se inserta dentro del número conmemorativo del vigésimo quinto aniversario de la Revista Catalana de Dret Públic y realiza una descripción de sus orígenes duales como revista dedicada a los aspectos territoriales de la construcción del Estado de las autonomías y como revista generalista de derecho público. Se explican las dos etapas de la Revista (de 1985 a 2004 y de 2005 hasta la actualidad) y se lleva a cabo un análisis cuantitativo de los autores que han publicado y de los contenidos de sus artículos. El artículo incluye asimismo explicaciones sobre la calificación de la Revista y su versión electrónica

Power system stabilizer control for wind power to enhance power system stability

The paper presents a small signal stability analysis for power systems with wind farm interaction. Power systems have damping oscillation modes that can be excited by disturbance or fault in the grid. The power converters of the wind farms can be used to reduce these oscillations and make the system more stable. These ideas are explored to design a power system stabilized (PSS) for a network with conventional generators and a wind farm in order to increase the damping of the oscillation modes. The proposed stabilizer is evaluated by simulation using DigSilent PowerFactoryPostprint (published version

El indulto como acto del gobierno : una perspectiva constitucional. Especial análisis del "Caso Liaño"

En el presente trabajo se analiza el indulto como acto del Gobierno, y su encaje problemático en el marco del principio de sepa¬ración de poderes, en tanto que elemento estructural del Estado de Derecho. No obstante, no pretendemos hacer un análisis puro ni dogmático del derecho de gracia, sino fundamentalmente extraer con¬secuencias generales del examen de un caso concreto (aunque especialmente relevante) como es el indulto a Gómez de Liaño. Pretender estudiar el «caso Liaño» simplemente como un supuesto de indulto de un delito de prevaricación supondría cuanto menos una actitud ingenua. Existen unos trasfondos empresariales, mediáticos y en última instancia políticos, mezclados con un conjunto de relaciones familiares, que distorsionan notablemente el asunto. La batalla judicial es un acto más de esta guerra donde la batalla mediática se encuentra en primera línea del frente. Lejos de entrar en polémicas periodísticas, aspiramos a aprovechar el debate de ideas que se ha producido para, juntamente con las resoluciones que se han dictado, intentar formular las propuestas necesarias de cara a una próxima reforma de la Ley del indulto, o en su caso, la elaboración de una nueva ley. El leitmotiv de estas líneas es claro: el «caso Liaño» ha mostrado cómo una regulación legal que deja las manos (casi) libres al Gobierno para ejercer el derecho de gracia puede hacer tambalear cimientos del Estado de Derecho como son la independencia del Poder Judicial o la separación de poderes. Una nueva ley del indulto es, en estos momentos, urgente. Si la propia exposición de motivos de la actual ley de 1870 expresa que es «manifiesto que debe haber una ley con arreglo a cuyas disposiciones la Corona ha de ejercer tan preciosa prerrogativa» podemos añadir que es necesario que las prescripciones de la citada ley estén adaptadas a un Estado social y democrático de Derecho del siglo XXI, así como al principio de la monarquía parlamentaría. Y las bases de la pervivencia del instituto jurídico del indulto deben ser el príncipio de legalidad y, en su caso, el control judicial de sus elementos reglados. El binomio formado entre el príncipio de legalidad y el control judicial se convierte así en el hilo conductor del presente trabajo

The role of echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic cardiovascular disease, affecting one in 500 individuals in the general population. In 60% of cases, HCM presents an autosomal dominant trait due to mutations in genes encoding cardiac sarcomeric proteins, and the remaining aetiologies include a variety of clinical entities such as glycogen and lysosomal storage disorders, mitochondrial diseases or cardiac amyloidosis, among others(1). In all cases, a systematised echocardiographic approach is essential to establish the diagnosis of HCM and to decide on specific therapeutic strategies. Moreover, echocardiography plays a key role in the evaluation and guidance of the different options to tackle obstructive HCM (HOCM). Indeed, recent improvements in survival and quality of life in HCM might be attributed to several factors, including the development of reliable imaging techniques. On top of this, echocardiography provides valuable information for the management of HCM regarding other aspects beyond left ventricular tract obstruction (LVOTO). This includes sudden cardiac death (SCD) prediction, thromboembolic risk stratification and family screening. In this article, we review and focus on the current role of echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of HCM.pre-print384 K