Nicotiana glauca Graham (Solanaceae), a new invasive plant in Croatia

The South American species Nicotiana glauca Graham (Solanaceae) is invasive in the western Mediterranean and has been found for the first time at four localities in Croatia. The first locality was discovered in 1977 on the island of Lokrum, but has previously been neglected, the second in Komi`a on the island of Vis, the third in the city of Split and the fourth in the city of Dubrovnik. The newly discovered N. glauca is a woody perennial species, while two other Nicotiana species occurring in Croatian, N. tabacum L. and N. rustica L., are annual herbs. An identification key for these three species and their morphological comparison is presented. The further spreading of N. glauca in Croatian littoral can be expected, and should be prevented

Analisis Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan dengan Menggunakan Metode Economic Value Added (EVA) pada PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk

The purpose of this research is to know the company's financial performance by using economic value added (EVA) method at PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. During the period 2015 - 2017. Economic Value Added Analysis (EVA) is one way to explore financial performance. Economic Value Added (EVA) is an indicator of the implementation of investment. To process the data that have been collected from the results of research, the researchers in this research using the analysis of corporate financial performance using the method of Economic Value Added (EVA) by calculating Net Profit After Tax, calculate Invested Capital, calculate Average Cost Of Capital, calculate Capital Charges and Calculate Economic Value Added (EVA). After processing the results data show that the financial performance of PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk during the period of 2015 until 2017 EVA value continues to increase EVA value in every year of research. This proves that the company's managers are able to create economic value added for the company by maximizing profits that contribute to the increasing value of NOPAT and minimize the return on risk in infestation that causes the decline in Capital Charges value resulting in EVA> 0 value. The results show that during the period 2015 to 2017 PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. get a positive value with the highest EVA in 2017 of Rp. 21,396,554 (in millions of rupiahs) because in that year the company had the highest NOPAT from the previous two years and had Capital Charges which is low enough so that the company can obtain higher value added from 2015 and 2016. Then in 2016 the company has EVA lower of Rp 19,298,437 (in millions of rupiah) with the difference of 9.80% compared to the year 2017 and the creation of the lowest value in 2015 amounting to Rp. 17,231,693 (in millions of rupiah) with a difference of 10.70% compared to the value of EVA in 2016

Activities for caregivers on health protection in the conditions of kindergarten

Formation of a healthy generation, instilling from an early age the habits of a healthy lifestyle, to engage in physical activity is one of the main strategic tasks of development of childrenФормирование здорового поколения, привитие с ранних лет привычки вести здоровый образ жизни, заниматься физической культурой – одна из главных стратегических задач развития дете

Nicotiana glauca Graham (Solanaceae), a new invasive plant in Croatia

The South American species Nicotiana glauca Graham (Solanaceae) is invasive in the western Mediterranean and has been found for the first time at four localities in Croatia. The first locality was discovered in 1977 on the island of Lokrum, but has previously been neglected, the second in Komi`a on the island of Vis, the third in the city of Split and the fourth in the city of Dubrovnik. The newly discovered N. glauca is a woody perennial species, while two other Nicotiana species occurring in Croatian, N. tabacum L. and N. rustica L., are annual herbs. An identification key for these three species and their morphological comparison is presented. The further spreading of N. glauca in Croatian littoral can be expected, and should be prevented

Air pollution simulation near piles having comprehensive form

Рассмотрен метод оценки уровня загрязнения воздушной среды возле отвалов, имеющих сложную геометрическую форму. Метод базируется на численном моделировании процесса рассеивания пылевого загрязнения в атмосферном воздухе. Решение задачи по оценке уровня загрязнения воздушной среды основывается на решении задач аэродинамики и массопереноса. Для решения задачи аэродинамики используется модель потенциального течения. Для моде- лирования переноса пылевого загрязнения в воздушной среде используется уравнение массо- переноса Г. И. Марчука. Представлены результаты вычислительного эксперимента.Розглянуто метод оцінки рівня забруднення повітряного середовища біля відвалів, що мають складну геометричну форму. Метод базується на чисельному моделюванні процесу розсіювання пилового забруднення в атмосферному повітрі. Рішення задачі по оцінці рівня забруднення повітряного середовища ґрунтується на рішенні задач аеродинаміки і масопереносу. Для вирішення задачі аеродинаміки використовується модель потенційної течії. Для моделювання переносу пилового забруднення в повітряному середовищі використовується рівняння масопереносу Г. І. Марчука. Представлені результати обчислювального експерименту.The purpose of the study is development of quick computing numerical model to calculate the air pollution near piles of mine wastes

Forest as Stronghold of Local Ecological Practice: Currently Used Wild Food Plants in Polesia, Northern Ukraine

Local ecological practice (LEP, e.g., the everyday practice of collecting and using plants, including wild food plants) is shaped by nature (available local resources) and culture (local perceptions and knowledge on their usability), including a multitude of factors, among which language and geographical or cultural separation have been found to play crucial roles in affecting biocultural diversity. Also, proximity to the forest has been shown to increase the use of plants. We conducted ethnobotanical fieldwork within eastern and western regions of Ukrainian Polesia, during which we interviewed 118 people. Through semi-structured interviews, we recorded the distribution of the current uses of 70 wild food taxa. The analysis of use records revealed homogeneous distribution of use despite the geographical distance and different spoken dialects; however, we were able to single out the highly sylvan region of eastern Polesia as the area with highest biocultural diversity for the use of wild food plants. The results suggest that in the context of the overall homogenization of local ecological knowledge, the continued existence of unintended contact with nature through living and working in the forest may be the primary factor maintaining the broader LEP in the sylvan area of eastern Polesia. Місцева екологічна практика (MЕП, що включає повсякденну практику збору та використання дикорослих рослин у їжу) формується природою (місцевими ресурсами) та культурою (місцеві знання про їх використання), що включає безліч чинників, серед яких мова та географічне або культурне відокремлення відіграють вирішальну роль у впливі на біокультурне різноманіття. Також показано, що близькість до лісу збільшує використання рослин. Ми проводили етноботанічні польові роботи у двох областях Українського Полісся, в ході яких ми провели інтерв’ю з 118 людьми. За допомогою напівструктурованих інтерв’ю ми задокументували поточне використання 70 таксонів дикорослих рослин у їжу. Аналіз записів про вживання свідчить про однорідний розподіл використання, незважаючи на географічне розташування та різні розмовні діалекти; однак, ми змогли виділити лісистий регіон Східного Полісся як територію з найвищим біокультурним різноманіттям використання дикорослих рослин уїжу. Результати свідчать, що в контексті загальної гомогенізації місцевих екологічних знань, продовження існування контакту з природою живучи та працюючи в лісі може бути основним чинником, який підтримує ширшу MЕПу в лісовій зоні Східного Полісся

Zika and travel in the news: a content analysis of US news stories during the outbreak in 2016–2017

Objectives: This study aimed to understand what information the US media communicated about Zika virus (ZIKV) and travel in 2016 and 2017. Study design: We conducted a content analysis of news coverage about ZIKV and travel from April 5, 2016 to March 31, 2017. Methods: We obtained a stratified, random sample of English language, US print newspaper and television news coverage about ZIKV and travel. We developed a coding scheme to assess key messages in the news, including how ZIKV is transmitted, the symptoms and outcomes of ZIKV infection, and recommended prevention behaviors. Results: Almost all news stories mentioned mosquito-borne transmission (96.8%) and just over half mentioned sexual transmission (55.3%). News stories were more likely to talk about ZIKV outcomes (78.8%) than ZIKV symptoms (40.6%). However, outcomes affecting babies were mentioned more frequently than outcomes affecting adults. Recommendations included a wide array of protective behaviors, such as delaying or avoiding travel (77.6%) and using mosquito repellent (41.0%). However, few studies (10.9%) mentioned barriers to practicing ZIKV prevention behaviors. Conclusions: Public health organizations and professionals can use these findings to help improve communication about future outbreaks of mosquito-borne illnesses. We also recommend conducting real-time monitoring of news media and frequent content analysis of news stories to ensure coverage provides the information the public needs

Of the importance of a leaf: the ethnobotany of sarma in Turkey and the Balkans

BACKGROUND: Sarma - cooked leaves rolled around a filling made from rice and/or minced meat, possibly vegetables and seasoning plants - represents one of the most widespread feasting dishes of the Middle Eastern and South-Eastern European cuisines. Although cabbage and grape vine sarma is well-known worldwide, the use of alternative plant leaves remains largely unexplored. The aim of this research was to document all of the botanical taxa whose leaves are used for preparing sarma in the folk cuisines of Turkey and the Balkans. Methods: Field studies were conducted during broader ethnobotanical surveys, as well as during ad-hoc investigations between the years 2011 and 2014 that included diverse rural communities in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey. Primary ethnobotanical and folkloric literatures in each country were also considered. Results: Eighty-seven botanical taxa, mainly wild, belonging to 50 genera and 27 families, were found to represent the bio-cultural heritage of sarma in Turkey and the Balkans. The greatest plant biodiversity in sarma was found in Turkey and, to less extent, in Bulgaria and Romania. The most commonly used leaves for preparing sarma were those of cabbage (both fresh and lacto-fermented), grape vine, beet, dock, sorrel, horseradish, lime tree, bean, and spinach. In a few cases, the leaves of endemic species (Centaurea haradjianii, Rumex gracilescens, and R. olympicus in Turkey) were recorded. Other uncommon sarma preparations were based on lightly toxic taxa, such as potato leaves in NE Albania, leaves of Arum, Convolvulus, and Smilax species in Turkey, of Phytolacca americana in Macedonia, and of Tussilago farfara in diverse countries. Moreover, the use of leaves of the introduced species Reynoutria japonica in Romania, Colocasia esculenta in Turkey, and Phytolacca americana in Macedonia shows the dynamic nature of folk cuisines. Conclusion: The rich ethnobotanical diversity of sarma confirms the urgent need to record folk culinary plant knowledge. The results presented here can be implemented into initiatives aimed at re-evaluating folk cuisines and niche food markets based on local neglected ingredients, and possibly also to foster trajectories of the avant-garde cuisines inspired by ethnobotanical knowledge

Liver Is Able to Activate Naïve CD8+ T Cells with Dysfunctional Anti-Viral Activity in the Murine System

The liver possesses distinct tolerogenic properties because of continuous exposure to bacterial constituents and nonpathogenic food antigen. The central immune mediators required for the generation of effective immune responses in the liver environment have not been fully elucidated. In this report, we demonstrate that the liver can indeed support effector CD8+ T cells during adenovirus infection when the T cells are primed in secondary lymphoid tissues. In contrast, when viral antigen is delivered predominantly to the liver via intravenous (IV) adenovirus infection, intrahepatic CD8+ T cells are significantly impaired in their ability to produce inflammatory cytokines and lyse target cells. Additionally, intrahepatic CD8+ T cells generated during IV adenovirus infection express elevated levels of PD-1. Notably, lower doses of adenovirus infection do not rescue the impaired effector function of intrahepatic CD8+ T cell responses. Instead, intrahepatic antigen recognition limits the generation of potent anti-viral responses at both priming and effector stages of the CD8+ T cell response and accounts for the dysfunctional CD8+ T cell response observed during IV adenovirus infection. These results also implicate that manipulation of antigen delivery will facilitate the design of improved vaccination strategies to persistent viral infection