The New European and/or EU Studies Curriculum

In this part we will present turn by turn the evolution of the curriculum in four domains which are developing in the area of European and/or EU Studies: EU Intercultural Dialogue Studies, EU International Relations and Diplomacy Studies, EU Communication and Information Studies, EU and Comparative Regionalism, from several points of view. First, we will take into consideration the perspective that each curriculum from the four domains has in the ensemble of European and/or EU Studies, the new domains, at the three levels of study, Bachelor, Master and PhD in the twelve countries that made the object of our research, emphasizing the nuances from a country to another. Secondly, we will trace the evolution of each curriculum in relation with the internal drivers (the dynamics of the study programmes/specializations where European Studies are taught), we will stress the role of mobility in various ways for crossing the disciplinary (transdisciplinarity) and national (transnational) borders and we will follow the application of ICT in the development of European studies curricula in the mentioned field. Afterwards, we will stress the evolution of each curriculum in function of the external drivers: the evolution of each curriculum depending on the European Agenda, how much the curriculum is adapted to the changes of the European Labour Market and the impact of the Jean Monnet Action in the development of the curricula in European Studies in each field of study

The New European and/or EU Studies Curriculum

In this part we will present turn by turn the evolution of the curriculum in four domains which are developing in the area of European and/or EU Studies: EU Intercultural Dialogue Studies, EU International Relations and Diplomacy Studies, EU Communication and Information Studies, EU and Comparative Regionalism, from several points of view. First, we will take into consideration the perspective that each curriculum from the four domains has in the ensemble of European and/or EU Studies, the new domains, at the three levels of study, Bachelor, Master and PhD in the twelve countries that made the object of our research, emphasizing the nuances from a country to another. Secondly, we will trace the evolution of each curriculum in relation with the internal drivers (the dynamics of the study programmes/specializations where European Studies are taught), we will stress the role of mobility in various ways for crossing the disciplinary (transdisciplinarity) and national (transnational) borders and we will follow the application of ICT in the development of European studies curricula in the mentioned field. Afterwards, we will stress the evolution of each curriculum in function of the external drivers: the evolution of each curriculum depending on the European Agenda, how much the curriculum is adapted to the changes of the European Labour Market and the impact of the Jean Monnet Action in the development of the curricula in European Studies in each field of study

Toxicological Assessment of an Acrylic Removable Orthodontic Appliance Using 2D and 3D In Vitro Methods

Malocclusion is a global health problem, mainly affecting children and adolescents. For this reason, orthodontic treatment must be, on the one hand, safe, non-toxic, and effective and, on the other hand, it must have the best possible esthetic profile. Thus, the use of orthodontic appliances is addressed to all age groups, including young children, for a long period of time, which is why their safety profile is a matter of real interest. For this reason, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the safety and biocompatibility of an acrylic removable orthodontic appliance made of polymethylmethacrylate and stainless steel alloy made by our team of researchers. To verify the biocompatibility of the medical device, it was immersed in artificial saliva with three different pHs (3, 7, and 10) for a period of ten days. Subsequently, the three types of saliva were tested on human keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line) in terms of viability and modification of cell morphology. Finally, the use of 3D reconstructed human epidermis verified the cytotoxic and irritating potential of the medical device, thus providing relevant information regarding its biocompatibility. The results revealed that by maintaining the orthodontic device in the saliva there is no release of substances with a toxic effect on the human keratinocytes and on the 3D reconstructed human epidermis. There were also no significant changes in cell morphology. In conclusion, it is suggested that the acrylic removable appliance has a safety profile recommended for in vivo use