Artificial Intelligent-Based Predictive Control of Divided Wall Column

Distillation is the most popular thermal separation technique used in the chemical and petrochemical process industry for the liquid mixture separation. Certainly, the distillation has a plenty of advantages, yet it has a drawback such as more energy requirement. In order to reduce the energy consumption of the conventional distillation column, energy integration is applied within the distillation column. The most important thermally coupled distillation column sequence is the Petlyuk column, which uses two recycle streams. Petlyuk column is a novel design that integrates two distillation columns into one shell, which is known as a dividing wall column. A dividing wall column (DWC) offers the possibility to separate a multicomponent mixture into high-purity products or sharp splits. Artificial neural network predictive controller (ANNPC) has been implemented to control the DWC. The performance of the ANNPC control strategies and the dynamic response of the DWC are investigated in terms of the product composition in the different sections of the dividing wall column for the different persistent disturbances such as feed flow rate, feed compositions, and liquid split factor

ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER SUITABILITY FOR DRINKING AND IRRIGATION PURPOSE USING STATISTICAL AND GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES: A REVIEW

Water is a vital source for all living individuals on earth. The consumption of fresh water has increased rapidly in recent years. Industrialization, urbanization, and population growth have resulted in deterioration of surface and groundwater quality. It is very important to manage groundwater resources and protect them from anthropogenic activities in order to sustain life on earth. This paper discusses methods for assessing the quality of groundwater using statistical and geospatial techniques. In addition, geographic information system (GIS)-integrated statistical methods are also discussed. Statistical methods, including quality indices, irrigation water quality parameter, and geospatial methods, including inverse distance weighted (IDW) and kriging strategies for evaluating groundwater quality and assessing aquifer susceptibility are also explained. In addition, the paper provides an overview of key groundwater quality indices (GWQI) and irrigation water quality indices (IWQI) that have developed over time and used for groundwater quality evaluation around the world. It is revealed that the use of GIS-integrated advanced statistical approaches is not common in assessments of groundwater quality. The constraints and research gaps of previous studies, as well as the prospects for future research needs have been examined

Real Time Flow Control System for Precise Gas Feed in COIL

This paper reports development of a real time flow control system for precise, controlled and uniform gas feed to a flowing medium Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser (COIL). The optimal operation of this prominent laser depends upon the desired supply of gas constituents such as nitrogen (N2), chlorine (Cl2) and iodine (I2) to achieve adequately mixed laser gas. The laser also demands real time variation of flow rates during gas constituent transitions in order to maintain stabilized pressures in critical subsystems. Diluent nitrogen utilized for singlet oxygen transport is termed as primary buffer gas and that for iodine transport is termed as secondary buffer gas (with main and bypass components). Also, nitrogen in precise flows is used for mirror blowing, nozzle curtain, cavity bleed and diffuser startup. A compact hybrid data acquisition system (Hybrid DAS) for precise flow control using LabVIEW 2014 platform has been developed. The supported flow ranges may vary from few mmole.s-1 to few hundred mmole.s-1. The estimated relative uncertainty in the largest gas component i.e. primary buffer gas feed is nearly 0.7%. The implementation of in-operation variation using flow ramp enables swift stabilization of singlet oxygen generator pressures critical for successful COIL operation. The performance of Hybrid DAS is at par with fully wired DAS providing the crucial benefit of remote field operation at distances of nearly 80m in line of sight and 35m with obstacle

Cross Sectional Study to find out the Prevalence of Tobacco use among High School & Higher Secondary class Students of Government Schools of Bhopal

Background: Tobacco use, and its negative health, social and economic impacts, is a significant global health challenge. Tobacco consumption in each age group is emerging as public health problem in all countries. More so often difficult in case of school going adolescents due to the easy availability of the tobacco products. Despite of the well-known fact that tobacco use is one of the leading preventable causes of premature death, disease, and disability around the world.Objectives: (1)To find out the proportion of students consuming tobacco among the students of government schools of class IX to XII.(2)To find out the age of initiation of tobacco consumption among the study group. (3)To find out the risk factors responsible for the tobacco habits among the study group.Methodology: This was a cross sectional study with multistage sampling method, in which selection of schools was done by systematic random sampling from the list of all government schools of Bhopal district.Results: The proportion of tobacco use among the study subjects in the current study was 22.69% with 46.21% in boys and 5.92% in girls. proportion of students consuming tobacco among the students of government schools of class IX to XII.In the present study, the mean age of initiation of tobacco use was12+1.23years

Corrosion Protection and Modern Infrastructure

Currently, modern infrastructures utilize different materials such as metals, alloys, glass, plastic, wood, ceramic, silicate brick, and natural stones. The material’s diverse composition, structure, chemical, physical, and mechanical properties with ease in utilization make metal utilization a priority for architects and civil contractors. The principal property that determines the quality and durability of infrastructure is the corrosion resistance and weathering resistance. The corrosion of metals can cause damage to concrete, building stones, wood, and other materials, leading to corrosive destruction. The corrosion protection of the structural steel used in reinforcements, load supports, and frames has become extremely important to meet the demand of modern infrastructure having 100 to 120 years of service life

Study to Assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Blood Donation among Students of Gandhi Medical College and TIT Engineering College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Background: The WHO theme for World Blood Donor Day 2011 was “More blood More life”. This theme reinforced the urgent need for more people all over the world to become life-savers by volunteering to donate blood regularly. Blood can save millions of lives. The requirement of blood and blood products in a country depends on the population, health care structure, prevalence of conditions requiring regular transfusions, such as hemophilia and thalassemia etc.Aim: To assess and improve the knowledge attitude and practice of blood donation among undergraduate college students of GMC & TIT Engineering College Bhopal.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 6 months from July 2017 to December 2017 among 500 college students of GMC & TIT Engineering College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India using convenience sampling, where blood donation camps were to be held. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires and analyzed by Epi info-7 software.Results: The overall knowledge on blood donation among total respondents was increased from 28.9% to 52.6%. In our sample size of 500 after making them aware regarding blood donation and its benefits 193 respondents gave consent and showed positive attitude towards donation. Most common reason for donating blood was a sense of social responsibility and most common reason of non-donation was fear of the procedure. An 85% of the students were of the view that they would donate blood if asked. Students suggested that small incentives like certificates and arranging transport for blood donation would make it easier to donate.Conclusion: After assessment of all 500 individuals we came to the conclusion that awareness and knowledge among students and individuals was increased from 28.9% to 52.7%. And after encouraging all individuals for donation and keeping a target of 100 unit’s collection, we were able to collect 193 units in the course of our project

Occupational Health Hazard Among Waste Collectors of Bhopal City

Background: The manpower which collects waste from urban localities to dumping or disposal site is exposed to a number of health hazards which are of physical chemical and biological nature. The waste collectors have the seventh most dangerous job in the world. The working conditions of waste collectors are very poor and are violation of human rights. Objectives: 1. To Identify health problems in solid waste collectors of Zone-2 (old city) of Bhopal 2. To Educate them about their occupational hazards and measures to prevent them 3. To sensitize the municipal authorities about their problems and the need for provision of safety devices and measures 4. To assess the increase in the use of safety devices and measures Material and Methods: All workers of zone-2 Bhopal were called for health checkup and health education at the Urban Health and Training Centre of the Department of Community Medicine, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal. Health check up was done to access their health problems. Data regarding their knowledge, attitude and practices about occupational health hazards was using a semi-structured questionnaire. Thereafter, they were given health education about the hazards of their occupation and measures to prevent them. The results of the study were communicated to the municipal authorities for appropriate action. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 35 years. All of them denied using protective devices like boots and gloves during waste collection. The morbidities observed were injuries, injuries with sharp (41%), dermatological problems (15%), Arthritis (10%), abdominal pain and loose motions (8%) snake bite (1.6%), others such as high BP, diabetes (13%) and none (11%). The knowledge and attitude of the workers regarding their health problems was poor. Conclusion: Injuries were the most common morbidity among waste collectors. None of them were provided with any protective devices. The knowledge and attitude of workers about prevention of occupational health hazards was poor. There is a need to raise awareness about their problems among the municipal authorities and the public

Resonator to Laser Cavity Decoupling Interface for Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser

In the present work, the conventional chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL) source has been technologically upgraded and successfully tested after implementation of decoupling interface between laser cavity and resonator. In the technique, anti-reflection coated fused silica windows mounted in suitable mechanical assemblies are placed between resonator mirrors and laser cavity in such a way that the generated laser beam is out coupled through the resonator during the laser operation. The implemented decoupling assemblies isolate the caustic environment produced in low pressure laser cavity from that of resonator mirrors. Thus requirement of using isolation valves and cavity limbs between laser cavity and resonator as in conventional COIL source is eliminated. Such decoupling mechanism therefore effectively reduces the number of associated components as well as overall length of the laser source which in turn further reduces the overall weight of the laser making it suitable for use onto a mobile platform. Moreover the technique provides accrued benefits in terms of reduction in readiness time and checking of optical alignment of the laser source at will in practical operation scenarios