Two-scale Time Homogenization for Isotropic Viscoelastic- Viscoplastic Homogeneous Solids Under Large Numbers of Cycles

AbstractA two-scale time homogenization approach for coupled viscoelastic-viscoplatic (VE-VP) homogeneous solids and structures subjected to large numbers of cycles, is proposed. The main aim is to give a description of the long time behaviour, by calculating the evolution of internal variables within the structure, while reducing the computational overhead. This method consists in decomposing the original VE-VP initial-boundary problem into coupled micro-chronological (fast time scale) and macro-chronological (slow time-scale) problems. The proposed methodology was implemented and studied for J2 VP coupled with VE using fully implicit time integration and a return-mapping algorithm. An illustration of the time homogenization on a simple case is presented and a good agreement with the reference solution is observed

Homogenization of fibre reinforced composite with gradient enhanced damage model

Classical finite element simulations face the problems of losing uniqueness and strain localization when the strain softening of materials is involved. Thus, when using continuum damage model or plasticity softening model, numerical convergence will not be obtained with the refinement of the finite element discretization when strain localization occurs. Gradient-enhanced softening and non-local continua models have been proposed by several researchers in order to solve this problem. In such approaches, high-order spatial gradients of state variables are incorporated in the macroscopic constitutive equations. However, when dealing with complex heterogeneous materials, a direct simulation of the macroscopic structures is unreachable, motivating the development of non-local homogenization schemes. In this work, a non-local homogenization procedure is proposed for fiber reinforced materials. In this approach, the fiber is assumed to remain linear elastic while the matrix material is modeled as elasto-plastic coupled with a damage law described by a non-local constitutive model. Toward this end, the mean-field homogenization is based on the knowledge of the macroscopic deformation tensors, internal variables and their gradients, which are applied to a micro- structural representative volume element (RVE). Macro-stress is then obtained from a homogenization process

Multiscale Simulations of Composites with Non-Local Damage-Enhanced Mean-Field Homogenization

The mean-field homogenization (MFH) approach is an attractive framework for multiscale methods, as it provides predictions of the macroscopic behavior of particle or fiber reinforced composites at a reasonable computational cost. Efficient MFH methods have been available for a long time for linear elastic problems, using for example the Mori-Tanaka scheme [2], but they can also be extended in the non-linear regime after linearization of the constitutive behavior at the current strain state, as for the incremental approach, e.g. [1]. In this work, the application of ductile-damage theories to a multiscale analysis of continuous fiber reinforced composites is considered. Toward this end, the incremental MFH approach is extended to account for the damage behavior happening in the matrix material at the microscale and to derive the effective properties of particle or fiber reinforced composites. However, capturing the degradation, damage or failure of material happening at the microscopic scale could lead to loss of uniqueness in the solution as the governing partial differential equations may lose ellipticity at a given level of loading corresponding to the strain-softening onset. Thus, in order to avoid the strain/damage localization caused by matrix material softening, the gradient-enhanced formulation [3] is adopted to describe the material behavior of the matrix during the homogenization process, as we have recently proposed [4]. As illustration, the behavior of a fiber re-enforced elasto-plastic matrix is considered. The properties of the matrix correspond to an elasto-plastic material experiencing damage, with a non-local form of Lemaitre Chaboche model. The fibers are assumed linear elastic, see [4] for details. A loading-unloading cycle is applied in the direction transverse to the fibers. A maximal deformation of 10 % is reached before the unloading proceeds to zero-transverse deformation. The effective behavior predicted by the MFH models is compared to the solutions obtained by finite element computations performed on a unit periodic cell and on RVE where the micro-structure is fully meshed. The results for three fiber volume ratios are presented in Fig. 1. For the three fiber volume ratios, the homogenized property is dominated by the properties of the matrix, with an obvious elasto-plastic behavior exhibiting softening. For vI = 15% and 30%, rather good predictions are given by the MFH model, with, as expected, higher macroscopic stress and damage predicted by the MFH due to the incremental formulation. However for vI = 50%, the MFH model overestimates the macroscopic stress considerably. This error comes from the assumption of Mori - Tanaka based MFH. As it is shown to be an efficient multi-scale approach, the developed gradient enhanced MFH formulation presented can now be used to model the behavior of composite laminates experiencing damage.SIMUCOMP The research has been funded by the Walloon Region under the agreement no 1017232 (CT-EUC 2010-10-12) in the context of the ERA-NET +, Matera + framework

Multi‐scale modelling of fibre reinforced composite with non‐local damage variable

Classical finite element simulations face the problems of losing uniqueness and strain localization when the strain softening of materials is involved. Thus, when using continuum damage model or plasticity softening model, numerical convergence will not be obtained with the refinement of the finite element discretization when strain localization occurs. Gradient-enhanced softening and non-local continua models have been proposed by several researchers in order to solve this problem. In such approaches, the spatial gradients of state variables are incorporated in the macroscopic constitutive equation [1, 2]. However, when dealing with complex heterogeneous materials, a direct simulation of the macroscopic structures is unreachable, motivating the development of non-local homogenization schemes [3]. In our work, a gradient-enhanced homogenization procedure is proposed for fiber reinforced materials. In the approach, the fiber is assumed to remain linear elastic while the matrix material is modeled as elasto-plastic [4] coupled with damage and is described by a non-local constitutive model [5]. Toward this end, the mean-field homogenization is based on the knowledge of the macroscopic deformation tensors, internal variables and their gradients, which are applied to a micro-structural representative volume element (RVE). Macro-stress is then obtained from a homogenization process. This procedure is applied to simulate damage process occurring in unidirectional carbon-fiber reinforced epoxy composites submitted to different loading histories.SIMUCOMP The research has been funded by the Walloon Region under the agreement no 1017232 (CT-EUC 2010-10-12) in the context of the ERA-NET +, Matera + framewor

Muti-scale methods with strain-softening: damage-enhanced MFH for composite materials and computational homogenization for cellular materials with micro-buckling

Materials used in the aerospace industry, as composite or foamed materials are multiscale in nature. To predict the macroscopic behaviour of structures made of such materials, the micro-scopic responses should also be computed within a nested scheme. This is particularly true when non-linear behaviours are modelled, or when the failure and post failure analyses are sought. In this work, multi-scale methods with strain softening are developed in the contexts of damage modelling for composite laminates and of buckling analyses in cellular materials. First, an anisotropic gradient–enhanced continuum damage model is embedded in a mean–field homogenization (MFH) process for elasto-plastic composites. The homogenization procedure is based on the newly developed incremental secant mean-field homogenization formulation, for which the residual stress and strain states reached in the phases upon a fictitious elastic unloading are considered as starting point to apply the secant method. The mean stress fields in the phases are then computed using isotropic secant tensors, which are naturally used to define the Linear Comparison–Composite The resulting multi– scale model is then applied to study the damage process at the meso–scale of laminates, and in particular the damaging of plies in a composite stack. By using the gradient–enhanced continuum damage model, the problem of losing uniqueness upon strain softening is avoided. Second, an efficient multi–scale finite element framework capturing the buckling instabilities in cellular materials is developed. As a classical multi–scale computational homogenization scheme loses accuracy with the apparition of the macroscopic localizations resulting from the micro–buckling, the second order multi–scale computational homogenization scheme is considered. This second–order computational framework is enhanced with the following novelties so that it can be used for cellular materials. At the microscopic scale, the periodic boundary condition is used because of its efficiency. As the meshes generated from cellular materials exhibit a large void part on the boundaries and are not conforming in general, the classical enforcement based on the matching nodes cannot be applied. A new method based on the polynomial interpolation2 without the requirement of the matching mesh condition on opposite boundaries of the representative volume element (RVE) is developed. Next, in order to solve the underlying macroscopic Mindlin strain gradient continuum of this second–order scheme by the displacement–based finite element framework, the treatment of high order terms is based on the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method to weakly impose the C1-continuity. Finally, as the instability phenomena are considered at both scales of the cellular materials, the path following technique is adopted to solve both the macroscopic and microscopic problems

Etude de la localisation de l'endommagement

SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Micromechanical modeling and computation of elasto-plastic materials reinforced with distributed-orientation fibers

This paper deals with the mean-field homogenization of multiphase elasto-plastic materials reinforced with non-spherical and non-aligned inclusions. Most of the literature on the micro-macro modeling of elasto-plastic composites deals with fixed-orientation fibers but this paper is concerned with cases where the inclusions have a non-uniform orientation defined by an orientation distribution function (ODF). We propose a general two-step incremental formulation and the corresponding numerical algorithms which are able to deal with any rate-independent model for any phase as well as cyclic or otherwise non-proportional loadings. The formulation was implemented in the DIGIMAT (2003) software and the numerical predictions were validated against experimental data for several composite systems. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Homogenization of two-phase elasto-plastic composite materials and structures - Study of tangent operators, cyclic plasticity and numerical algorithms

We develop homogenization schemes and numerical algorithms for two-phase elasto-plastic composite materials and structures. A Hill-type incremental formulation enables the simulation of unloading and cyclic loadings. It also allows to handle any rate-independent model for each phase. We study the crucial issue of tangent operators: elasto-plastic (or "continuum") versus algorithmic (or "consistent"), and anisotropic versus isotropic. We apply two methods of extraction of isotropic tangent moduli. We compare mathematically the stiffnesses of various tangent operators. All rate equations are discretized in time using implicit integration. We implemented two homogenization schemes: Mori-Tanaka and a double inclusion model, and two plasticity models: classical J(2) plasticity and Chaboche's model with non-linear kinematic and isotropic hardenings. We consider composites with different properties and present several discriminating numerical simulations. In many cases, the results are validated against finite element (FE) or experimental data. We integrated our homogenization code into the FE program ABAQUS using a user material interface UMAT. A two-scale procedure allows to compute realistic structures made of non-linear composite materials within reasonable CPU time and memory usage; examples are shown. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

A thermodynamically-based constitutive model for thermoplastic polymers coupling viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity and ductile damage

A thermodynamically-based constitutive model is proposed for isotropic homogeneous thermoplastic polymers under arbitrary multiaxial and non-monotonic loadings. The model couples viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity and ductile damage. The total strain is decomposed into viscoelastic and viscoplastic parts. The undamaged Cauchy stress depends on the history of viscoelastic strains through Boltzmann's integral. Viscoelastic bulk and relaxation moduli follow general Prony series. The viscoplastic response combines isotropic and nonlinear kinematic hardenings. Ductile damage evolution is linked to that of viscoplastic strains. Constitutive equations are developed within the framework of thermodynamics of irreversible processes. Numerical predictions are validated against experimental tests on different polymers under various loadings. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Study of various estimates of the macroscopic tangent operator in the incremental homogenization of elastoplastic composites

This paper contains a theoretical and numerical investigation of the incremental formulation for the mean-field homogenization of two-phase elastoplastic composites. We study several variants of the formulation and try to understand why some of them give good predictions while others do not. We define six instantaneous operators for a fictitious homogeneous reference matrix (two anisotropic, two isotropic, and two transversely isotropic) and various estimates of the macroscopic tangent operator. Theoretically, we present mathematical results that prove that some estimates are stiffer or softer than others. Numerically, we carry out a wide range of validated simulations with different types of inclusions under various loads. The findings confirm the theoretical results and shed new light on a rather complicated problem