Over-represented sequences located on UTRs are potentially involved in regulatory functions

Eukaryotic gene expression must be coordinated for the proper functioning of biological processes. This coordination can be achieved both at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In both cases, regulatory sequences placed at either promoter regions or on UTRs function as markers recognized by regulators that can then activate or repress different groups of genes according to necessity. While regulatory sequences involved in transcription are quite well documented, there is a lack of information on sequence elements involved in post-transcriptional regulation. We used a statistical over-representation method to identify novel regulatory elements located on UTRs. An exhaustive search approach was used to calculate the frequency of all possible n-mers (short nucleotide sequences) in 16,160 human genes of NCBI RefSeq sequences and to identify any peculiar usage of n-mers on UTRs. After a stringent filtering process, we identified circa 4,000 highly over-represented n-mers on UTRs. We provide evidence that these n-mers are potentially involved in regulatory functions. Identified n-mers overlap with previously identified binding sites for HuR and Tia1 and, AU-rich and GU-rich sequences. We determined also that over-represented n-mers are particularly enriched in a group of 159 genes directly involved in tumor formation. Finally, a method to cluster n-mer groups allowed the identification of putative gene networks.Over-represented sequences, UTRs, regulatory functions

Coupled Heat and Electricity supply of Districts - Analysis of innovative district heating supply options considering technical, economic and regulatory aspects: Abstract at 1st Sustainable District Energy Conference, SDEC 2019, October 23-25, 2019, Reykjavik, Island

The study presented here is aimed at the development and comparison of innovative low-temperature district heating (LTDH) supply solutions for a new development area in the City of Neuburg an der Donau (Germany), based on low calorific heat sources. When elaborating the solutions, local heat potentials (e.g. waste heat from a local dairy) and the potentials of sector coupling (e.g. usage of heat pumps and photovoltaic collectors) are simultaneously considered. As part of the development of the supply solutions, operating strategies for a central electric heat pump (HP) connected to the LTDH are being elaborated, which can reduce the operating costs and the CO2 emissions of the entire system by increasing the use of photovoltaic (PV) electricity for heat supply. When investigating and comparing the supply options, economic and regulatory aspects are taken into account, in addition to technical boundary conditions. To achieve the objective, two innovative LTDH supply options with different supply temperatures are being simulated for the new housing area. The area consists of 31 single family houses and one row house with a total maximum heat load of ca. 290 kW. As part of the first supply option, the supply temperature level is 40 °C for the combined heat supply with LTDH and decentralized PV roof systems. The temperature level of the second option is 70 °C for the centralized heat supply by means of LTDH. Another important pillar of the heating supply is the investigation of decentralized PV roof systems, which are coupled to the central LTDH supply system. Thermal storage systems (HP storage tanks and decentralized hot water storage tanks) for heating networks and individual buildings offer a high level of flexibility to compensate for fluctuating power supply in the hourly or daily range. At the same time, the utilisation of the storages forms an interface between the sectors "heat" and "electricity". To make the supply via the low-temperature heat network in combination with the decentralized PV systems as efficient as possible, the optimal business models (PV contracting, PV leasing model, etc.) for different stakeholders are identified as part of the study. The overall result of the investigations is the quantification of the efficiency of the heat network operation while taking the grid losses in the summer and winter months into account. Moreover, an economic operating model of the HP and decentralized PV systems is identified, under consideration of the currently valid regulatory framework conditions in Germany

Molecular Fingerprint for Terminal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Disease

Vascular Surger

Molecular Fingerprint for Terminal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Disease

Vascular Surger