48 research outputs found
ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF SURGICAL PROCEDURES ADVISABLE FOR CHRONIC PANCREATITIS WITH THE PREDOMINANT LESION OF THE PANCREATIC HEAD
Recently, studies comparing various variants of operations to establish the optimal method of surgical treatmentΒ for chronic pancreatitis with pancreatic head lesions from the point of view of evidence-based medicine have beenΒ carried out in the world. However, these comparative studies do not take into account differences in the clinical andΒ morphological forms of the disease, in particular, chronic pancreatitis with a predominant and isolated lesion of the head.Β Subtotal resection of the pancreatic head with proximal pancreatojejunostomy, suitable for an isolated lesion of the head,Β does not solve all the problems of chronic pancreatitis with a predominant lesion of the head. In this case, the violationΒ of the outflow of pancreatic juice along the pathologically changed main pancreatic duct from the left half of the glandΒ is not eliminated. It is impossible to unambiguously support the hypothesis of the feasibility of performing subtotalΒ resection of the pancreatic head with proximal pancreatojejunostomy in chronic pancreatitis with a predominant lesionΒ of the head with a uniformly expanded main pancreatic duct. With this form of chronic pancreatitis, cicatricial stricturesΒ can form in the main pancreatic duct, which can lead to ductal hypertension and serve as an indication for reoperation.Β The feasibility of using Beger operation in chronic pancreatitis with a predominant lesion of the head is doubtful, sinceΒ the intersection of the isthmus and the need for a T-shaped longitudinal pancreatojejunostomy makes this interventionΒ technically difficult and unsafe. Based on the studies performed, it is impossible to say with certainty about the reliableΒ advantages of one type of operations over another. To obtain reliable results, itβs necessary to conduct evidence-basedΒ studies comparing subtotal resection of the pancreatic head with longitudinal pancreatojejunostomy with other typesΒ of interventions only for chronic pancreatitis with a predominant head lesion, excluding from the study patients withΒ chronic pancreatitis with isolated head lesion
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ― ΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠ ΠΠ€ΠΠΠ― Π‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π’Π Π’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ’ΠΠΠ― Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠ―Π₯ Π’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠ’ Π―ΠΠΠ ΠΠ«Π₯ Π ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠ
Development of heat and mass transfer intensifiers is a major engineering task in the design of new and modernization of existing fuel assemblies. These devices create lateral mass flow of coolant. Design of intensifiers affects both the coolant mixing and the hydraulic resistance. The aim of this work is to develop a methodology of measuring coolant local velocity in the fuel assembly models with different mixing grids. To solve the problems was manufactured and calibrated multihole pressure probe. The air flow velocity measuring method with multihole pressure probe was used in the experimental studies on the coolant local hydrodynamics in fuel assemblies with mixing grids. Analysis of the coolant lateral velocity vector fields allowed to study the formation of the secondary vortex flows behind the mixing grids, and to determine the basic laws of coolant flow in experimental models. Quantitative data on the coolant flow velocity distribution obtained with a multihole pressure probe make possible to determine the magnitude of the flow lateral velocities in fuel rod gaps, as well as to determine the distance at which damping occurs during mixing.Β Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ (Π’ΠΠ‘). Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π° Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ
Π’ΠΠ‘ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π° Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ³Π»Π°Ρ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π°. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Π±Π΅Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π° Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π’ΠΠ‘, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΠ²ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
Conjugation of Organoruthenium(II) 3-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines and Indolo[3,2-d]benzazepines to Recombinant Human Serum Albumin: a Strategy To Enhance Cytotoxicity in Cancer Cells
Five organoruthenium complexes [RuCl(Ξ·6-arene)(L)]Cl with a modified arene ligand, namely, 4-formylphenoxyacetyl-Ξ·6-benzylamide, and L = 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines or indolo[3,2-d]benzazepines were synthesized and conjugated to recombinant human serum albumin in order to improve their drug targeting and delivery to cancer cells, and a marked increase in cytotoxicity was observed
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠΠΠ
The article presents the results of experimental studies of the local hydrodynamics of the coolant flow in the mixed core of the VVER reactor, consisting of the TVSA-T and TVSA-T mod.2 fuel assemblies. Modeling of the flow of the coolant flow in the fuel rod bundle was carried out on an aerodynamic test stand. The research was carried out on a model of a fragment of a mixed core of a VVER reactor consisting of one TVSA-T segment and two segments of the TVSA-T.mod2. The flow pressure fields were measured with a five-channel pneumometric probe. The flow pressure field was converted to the direction and value of the coolant velocity vector according to the dependencies obtained during calibration. To obtain a detailed data of the flow, a characteristic cross-section area of the model was selected, including the space cross flow between fuel assemblies and four rows of fuel rods of each of the TVSA fuel assemblies. In the framework of this study the analysis of the spatial distribution of the projections of the velocity of the coolant flow was fulfilled that has made it possible to pinpoint regularities that are intrinsic to the coolant flowing around spacing, mixing and combined spacing grates of the TVSA. Also, the values of the transverse flow of the coolant caused by the flow along hydraulically nonidentical grates were determined and their localization in the longitudinal and cross sections of the experimental model was revealed. Besides, the effect of accumulation of hydrodynamic flow disturbances in the longitudinal and cross sections of the model caused by the staggered arrangement of hydraulically non-identical grates was determined. The results of the study of the coolant cross flow between fuel assemblies interaction, i.e. between the adjacent TVSA-T and TVSA-T mod.2 fuel assemblies were adopted for practical use in the JSC of βAfrikantov OKB Mechanical Engineeringβ for assessing the heat engineering reliability of VVER reactor cores; also, they were included in the database for verification of computational hydrodynamics programs (CFD codes) and for detailed cell-based calculation of the reactor core.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π² ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠΠΠ , ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π’ΠΠ‘Π-Π’ ΠΈ Π’ΠΠ‘Π-Π’.mod.2. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠΠΠ , ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π’ΠΠ‘Π-Π’ ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π’ΠΠ‘Π-Π’.mod.2. ΠΠΎΠ»Ρ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΡΠ²ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ Π’ΠΠ‘Π. Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π’ΠΠ‘Π, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π’ΠΠ‘Π-Π’ ΠΈ Π’ΠΠ‘Π-Π’.mod.2 ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΠ Β«ΠΠΠΠ ΠΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²Β» ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠΠ ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² Π±Π°Π·Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ (CFD-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²) ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²
APPLICATION OF MULTIHOLE PRESSURE PROBE FOR RESEARCH OF COOLANT VELOCITY PROFILE IN NUCLEAR REACTOR FUEL ASSEMBLIES
Development of heat and mass transfer intensifiers is a major engineering task in the design of new and modernization of existing fuel assemblies. These devices create lateral mass flow of coolant. Design of intensifiers affects both the coolant mixing and the hydraulic resistance. The aim of this work is to develop a methodology of measuring coolant local velocity in the fuel assembly models with different mixing grids. To solve the problems was manufactured and calibrated multihole pressure probe. The air flow velocity measuring method with multihole pressure probe was used in the experimental studies on the coolant local hydrodynamics in fuel assemblies with mixing grids. Analysis of the coolant lateral velocity vector fields allowed to study the formation of the secondary vortex flows behind the mixing grids, and to determine the basic laws of coolant flow in experimental models. Quantitative data on the coolant flow velocity distribution obtained with a multihole pressure probe make possible to determine the magnitude of the flow lateral velocities in fuel rod gaps, as well as to determine the distance at which damping occurs during mixing
Investigation of Coolant Local Hydrodynamics in the Mixed Core of the VVER Reactor
The article presents the results of experimental studies of the local hydrodynamics of the coolant flow in the mixed core of the VVER reactor, consisting of the TVSA-T and TVSA-T mod.2 fuel assemblies. Modeling of the flow of the coolant flow in the fuel rod bundle was carried out on an aerodynamic test stand. The research was carried out on a model of a fragment of a mixed core of a VVER reactor consisting of one TVSA-T segment and two segments of the TVSA-T.mod2. The flow pressure fields were measured with a five-channel pneumometric probe. The flow pressure field was converted to the direction and value of the coolant velocity vector according to the dependencies obtained during calibration. To obtain a detailed data of the flow, a characteristic cross-section area of the model was selected, including the space cross flow between fuel assemblies and four rows of fuel rods of each of the TVSA fuel assemblies. In the framework of this study the analysis of the spatial distribution of the projections of the velocity of the coolant flow was fulfilled that has made it possible to pinpoint regularities that are intrinsic to the coolant flowing around spacing, mixing and combined spacing grates of the TVSA. Also, the values of the transverse flow of the coolant caused by the flow along hydraulically nonidentical grates were determined and their localization in the longitudinal and cross sections of the experimental model was revealed. Besides, the effect of accumulation of hydrodynamic flow disturbances in the longitudinal and cross sections of the model caused by the staggered arrangement of hydraulically non-identical grates was determined. The results of the study of the coolant cross flow between fuel assemblies interaction, i.e. between the adjacent TVSA-T and TVSA-T mod.2 fuel assemblies were adopted for practical use in the JSC of βAfrikantov OKB Mechanical Engineeringβ for assessing the heat engineering reliability of VVER reactor cores; also, they were included in the database for verification of computational hydrodynamics programs (CFD codes) and for detailed cell-based calculation of the reactor core