Creatine lysinate – part I: investigation of the toxicity and the influence on some biochemical parameters in mice

In our study we investigated the acute toxicity of а newly synthesized creatine lysinate as well as its effect on the biochemical parameters in mice. Creatine lysinate exerts better solubility in water (3.3%) in comparison to creatine monohydrate (1.4%) at 20 °C and it is determined as a non-toxic after intraperitoneal (LD50 – 4543 mg/kg) and oral administration (LD50 > 8000 mg/kg). Oral administration of creatine lysinate at doses of 3 g/kg/day and 6 g/kg/day for 2 weeks reduced the creatine kinase levels, which indicates muscle protection. An increased levels of liver enzymes like alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) was observed after the supplementation with creatine lysinate at both administered doses and the level of lactate was comparable both in the studied and the control group

Creatine lysinate – part II: effects on the motor coordination and muscle hypertrophy in mice

In the current study, we investigated the effect of creatine monohydrate (CrM) and newly synthesized creatine lysinate (CrLys) in tail suspension (TST) and rotarod tests and their influence on the histology of the skeletal muscles. In the TST, a slight decrease in the immobility time from the 1st to the 3rd week was observed in the group treated with CrM at a dose of 1.5 g/kg/day and CrLys at a dose of 6 g/kg/day. The rotarod test revealed that CrM (1.5 g/kg/day) and CrLys (3 g/kg/day) lead to a significant improvement in motor coordination in the 3rd week. The results from histology showed an increase in the muscle fiber diameter of soleus muscle in animals treated with CrM (3 g/kg/day) and CrLys (6 g/kg/day). The results showed that supplementation with creatine derivatives appears to be a generally effective nutritional ergogenic aid for an improvement of physical performance

Application of Approved Cisplatin Derivatives in Combination Therapy against Different Cancer Diseases

The problems with anticancer therapy are resistance and toxicity. From 3000 Cisplatin derivatives tested as antitumor agents, most of them have been rejected, due to toxicity. The aim of current study is the comparison of therapeutic combinations of the currently applied in clinical practice: Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin, Nedaplatin, Lobaplatin, Heptaplatin, and Satraplatin. The literature data show that the strategies for the development of platinum anticancer agents and bypassing of resistance to Cisplatin derivatives and their toxicity are: combination therapy, Pt IV prodrugs, the targeted nanocarriers. The very important strategy for the improvement of the antitumor effect against different cancers is synergistic combination of Cisplatin derivatives with: (1) anticancer agents—Fluorouracil, Gemcitabine, Cytarabine, Fludarabine, Pemetrexed, Ifosfamide, Irinotecan, Topotecan, Etoposide, Amrubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Vinorelbine, Docetaxel, Paclitaxel, Nab-Paclitaxel; (2) modulators of resistant mechanisms; (3) signaling protein inhibitors—Erlotinib; Bortezomib; Everolimus; (4) and immunotherapeutic drugs—Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Bevacizumab, Cemiplimab, Cetuximab, Durvalumab, Erlotinib, Imatinib, Necitumumab, Nimotuzumab, Nivolumab, Onartuzumab, Panitumumab, Pembrolizumab, Rilotumumab, Trastuzumab, Tremelimumab, and Sintilimab. An important approach for overcoming the drug resistance and reduction of toxicity of Cisplatin derivatives is the application of nanocarriers (polymers and liposomes), which provide improved targeted delivery, increased intracellular penetration, selective accumulation in tumor tissue, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. The advantages of combination therapy are maximum removal of tumor cells in different phases; prevention of resistance; inhibition of the adaptation of tumor cells and their mutations; and reduction of toxicity

Influence of Non-Ionic Surfactant and Silver on the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO₂ Films for Degradation of Dyes in Distilled and Tap Water

This study describes the impact of surfactant molecular weights (PEG 2000 and PEG 4000) on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 films, deposited via dip-coating from a PEG-stabilized suspension and silver-functionalized photo-fixation of Ag+ under UV illumination. The photocatalytic activity of pure and Ag/TiO2 films is assessed in the aqueous-phase degradation of Malachite green and Methylene blue in distilled and tap water under UV and visible illumination. The results indicate a positive effect of both the higher-molecular-weight non-ionic surfactant and Ag-functionalization yield higher photocatalytic efficiency. Notably, films photo-fixed with 10−2 M Ag+ show the highest degradation percentages in all experimental conditions. A direct correlation between the concentration of Ag+ ions and the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity is revealed: pure TiO2 −4/TiO2 −3/TiO2 −2/TiO2. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry is used to study the Ag+ leeching from the Ag/TiO2 films. The structural properties of the nanostructures are investigated through scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Additionally, after three cycles of operation, Ag, 10−2/TiO2 (PEG 4000) films can maintain their photocatalytic activity, suggesting a potential application in the treatment of dye wastewater

Pistes pour la mise en place des cycles à l'école fondamentale

Outil pédagogique destiné aux enseignants.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Elaboration d’un outil d’aide au fonctionnement pédagogique des cycles à l’école primaire

Le but de cette recherche est de produire un "vade-mecum" de l'organisation en cycles à destination des équipes des écoles primaires en Communauté française pour en indiquer les différentes modalités organisationnelles et pédagogiques et pour signaler les points forts de chacune .Pour construire un tel outil d'accompagnement et pour déterminer ce qui, en matière d'organisation en cycles, est possible, ce qui est souhaitable, à redouter, etc .ce document se réfère à trois sources :• les buts assignés à l’organisation en cycles dans les textes officiels régissant l'enseignement en Communauté française .C'est par rapport à ces buts qu'une modalité organisationnelle ou pédagogique pourra être considérée comme intéressante ou neutre, etc .• la littérature en sciences de l'éducation .Les résultats dont elle fait état donnent de précieuses indications sur les effets de différents dispositifs didactiques, pédagogiques et organisationnels qui sont impliqués par l'organisation en cycles .• ces deux sources sont accompagnées de l'examen du fonctionnement concret des différentes modalités d'organisation en cycles, telles qu'on peut les rencontrer sur le terrain .Les choix opérés par les enseignants et les équipes doivent toujours tenir compte de nombreuses contraintes liées aux singularités de leur école .Aucun discours théorique ne peut intégrer exhaustivement cette multiplicité de facteurs .Il serait donc tout à fait imprudent de proposer des modalités pédagogiques qui n'auraient pas été éprouvées concrètement et qu'on n'aurait pas observées en fonctionnement réel .Mieux encore :dans un domaine si délicat, ce qui fonctionne bien à un endroit et à un moment donnés, n'a pas toujours des effets aussi favorables dans d'autres circonstances .Il faut se garder des généralisations imprudentes ;donc, les propositions, suggestions ou mises en garde réfèreront aux situations concrètes qui les ont inspirées .Rapport finalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe