Reduced Expression Of Sirt1 Is Associated With Diminished Glucose-induced Insulin Secretion In Islets From Calorie-restricted Rats

Alterations in food intake such as caloric restriction modulate the expression of SIRT1 and SIRT4 proteins that are involved in pancreatic β-cell function. Here, we search for a possible relationship between insulin secretion and the expression of SIRT1, SIRT4, PKC and PKA in islets from adult rats submitted to CR for 21 days. Rats were fed with an isocaloric diet (CTL) or received 60% (CR) of the food ingested by CTL. The dose-response curve of insulin secretion to glucose was shifted to the right in the CR compared with CTL islets (EC 50 of 15.1±0.17 and 10.5±0.11 mmol/L glucose). Insulin release by the depolarizing agents arginine and KCl was reduced in CR compared with CTL islets. Total islet insulin content and glucose oxidation were also reduced in CR islets. Leucine-stimulated secretion was similar in both groups, slightly reduced in CR islets stimulated by leucine plus glutamine but higher in CR islets stimulated by ketoisocaproate (KIC). 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Análise conjunta de atributos físicos e biológicos do solo sob sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do sistema integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) sobre os atributos morfológicos, físicos e biológicos do solo. O experimento foi realizado em Dourados, MS, em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico. Foram avaliados os seguintes sistemas: monocultura com sistema convencional de preparo do solo, ILP com sistema plantio direto, pastagem contínua de Urochloa decumbens (Syn. Brachiaria decumbens) e vegetação nativa. Em cada sistema, foi aberta uma trincheira com o intuito de detectar as modificações morfológicas provocadas pelos diferentes manejos com uso do método do perfil cultural. Os macroinvertebrados do solo foram avaliados conforme o método "Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility". Utilizaram-se, ainda, amostras de solo indeformadas para avaliação dos atributos físicos do solo (densidade do solo, porosidade total, macro e microporosidade). Entre os sistemas produtivos, a melhor estrutura do solo foi verificada no sistema ILP, nas camadas de 0-0,1 e 0,1-0,2 m. Os sistemas sob ILP e em pastagem cultivada continuamente favoreceram um ambiente edáfico biologicamente mais ativo em comparação aos outros sistemas cultivados. A visualização conjunta dos atributos do solo mostrou que a integração lavoura-pecuária é uma estratégia para desenvolver sistemas de produção sustentáveis e que o período de dois anos de manejo é adequado para a rotação lavoura-pecuária

Fauna invertebrada e atributos físicos e químicos do solo em sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) nos principais grupos da macrofauna invertebrada do solo e a relação destes organismos com os atributos físicos e químicos do solo. Foram comparados: sistema de manejo convencional, sistema integração lavoura-pecuária, sistema plantio direto, pastagem cultivada continuamente e fragmentos naturais de Cerrado e de floresta semidecídua. O experimento foi conduzido em Dourados, MS, em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico, disposto em faixas. A maior densidade, riqueza e diversidade das famílias foi observada no sistema de ILP, em plantio direto, e no sistema em pastagem cultivada continuamente. O sistema convencional promoveu maior redução na comunidade dos organismos invertebrados do solo. O sistema de ILP favorece a manutenção da diversidade da fauna invertebrada, a formação dos agregados estáveis e a fertilidade do solo. A família Sthaphylinidae é um potencial bioindicador de qualidade do solo, principalmente na floresta semidecídua e no sistema de ILP.201