14 research outputs found
Evaluation of the effects of endoscopy in general anesthesia on oxidative stres parameters and the degree of DNA damage in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)
Endoskopija je veoma bitna dijagnostiÄka procedura u veterinarskoj medicini, a naroÄito je znaÄajna njena primjena kod gmizavaca, ukljuÄujuÄi i kornjaÄe. Da bi se izvrÅ”io endoskopski, ili u ovom sluÄaju celioskopski, pregled, potrebno je da se kornjaÄa uvede u opÅ”tu anesteziju. U veterinarskoj medicini se za anesteziranje kornjaÄa koristi veÄi broj anestetiÄkih protokola, ali ne postoje temeljna istraživanja o rizicima i neželjenim efektima anestetika koji se koriste.
U ovom radu je prouÄavan efekat endoskopije i tri anestetiÄka protokola koji se najÄeÅ”Äe koriste za anesteziranje crvenouhih kornjaÄa na parametre oksidativnog stresa i stepen oÅ”teÄenja DNK.
KornjaÄe su podjeljene u 6 grupa na osnovu toga koji anestetiÄki protokol je primjenjivan i toga da li su podvrgnute endoskopskom pregledu. U cilju procjene nivoa oksidativnog stresa, vrÅ”eno je odreÄivanje aktivnosti superoksid dismutaze, katalaze, glutation S transferaze i odreÄivanje nivoa malondialdehida. Da bi se procjenio stepen oÅ”teÄenja DNK, uraÄen je komet test.
Svi primjenjeni anestetiÄki protokoli su doveli do promjena nivoa parametara oksidativnog stresa, s tim da je kombinacija ketamina i medetomidina imala najmanji kumulativni efekat. IzvoÄenje endoskopije nije dovelo do znaÄajnih promjena u nivou parametara oksidativnog stresa. OÅ”teÄenje DNK nakon opÅ”te anestezije i endoskopije nije registrovano ni u jednoj od eksperimentalnih grupa primjenom komet testa
A case of nerve sheath tumor followed by multicentric high-grade T-cell lymphoma in an African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris)
A 3-year-old intact male African pygmy hedgehog was presented at the Teaching Hospital
of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, with a growth on the left side of its
abdomen. After clinical examination, the mass was surgically removed, and histopathological findings
indicated a nerve sheath tumor. The hedgehog fully recovered after surgery and was euthanized eight
months later due to the appearance of multicentric changes in the internal organs. Further necropsy
and macroscopic, cytologic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical findings revealed that the
tumor was a multicentric high-grade T-cell lymphoma. This is an unusual case of an African pygmy
hedgehog with two different neoplasmsāa nerve sheath tumor followed by lymphoma
Aktivnost glutation peroksidaze (gpx 3) u plazmi semiakvatiÄnih kornjaÄa trachemys scripta elegans nakon inhalacione anestezije izofluranom
Introduction. Glutathione peroxidases are selenoenzymes which have a crucial role in the protection of animals against oxidative stress.
Materials and Methods. From September 2017 to April 2018, a group of eight red-eared sliders were admitted at the Clinic for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade for elective diagnostic celioscopy. The turtles were of unknown age, weight from 1.20 kg to 1.86 kg. The anesthesia protocol involved using ketamine and medetomidine, both at a low dosage (10 mg kg-1 and 0.1 mg kg-1, respectively) as induction, after which anesthesia was maintained using isoflurane at 3% (vapor setting) in 100% oxygen (0.5 L min-1). Medetomidine was reversed with atipamezole (0.2 mg kg-1), given intramuscularly. The elective celioscopy was performed according to standard protocols. One day prior to anesthesia, heparinized blood samples were taken using the subcarapacial venous plexus for venipuncture. The second sampling took place three hours after the anesthetics were administered.
Results and Conclusions. GPx3 activity in the blood plasmas (n=8) was measured by the coupled test as described by GĆ¼nzler et al. (1974). Data were tested for normality by the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and the groups were compared using a paired t-test.
Blood plasma GPx3 activity was significantly higher (p=0.009) after a three-hour recovery period from inhalation anesthesia performed for elective diagnostic celioscopy, than before anesthesia. The measured post-anesthesia GPx3 activities were, on average,
80% higher than the measurements prior to anesthesia. It can be concluded that the statistically significant increase in the activity of plasma GPx3 from 91.02Ā±36.05 mKat L-1 prior to anesthesia to 160.21Ā±58.94 mKat L-1 three hours after anesthesia is due to the change in oxygen saturation. This is increased to 100% during the procedure, thus exposing the turtles to conditions of high oxygen saturation.Uvod. Glutation peroksidaze su selenoenzimi koji igraju kljuÄnu ulogu u zaÅ”titi životinja od oksidativnog stresa.
Materijal i metode. Od septembra 2017. do aprila 2018. godine, grupa od osam crvenouhih kornjaÄa je primljena na Kliniku za male životinje, Fakulteta Veterinarske Medicine, Univerziteta u Beogradu zbog izvoÄenja elektivne dijagnostiÄke celioskopije. KornjaÄe su bile nepoznate starosti, mase izmeÄu 1,20 kg i 1,86 kg. AnastetiÄki protokol je ukljuÄivao primenu ketamina (10 mg kg-1) i medetomidina (0.1 mg kg-1) za indukciju, oba u niskim dozama, nakon Äega je anestezija održavana primenom izoflurana u koncentraciji od 3% (podeÅ”en na isparavanje) u 100% kiseoniku (0.5 L min-1). Dejstvo medetomidina je neutralizovano atipamezolom (0.2 mg kg-1), aplikovanim intramuskularno. Elektivna celioskopija je izvedena u skladu sa standardnim protokolima. Heparinizovani uzorci krvi su uzeti jedan dan pre uvoÄenja u anesteziju venepunkcijom iz subkarapacijalnog venskog pleksusa. Drugo uzorkovanje krvi je uzvrÅ”eno tri sata nakon administracije anestetika.
Rezultati i zakljuÄak. GPx3 aktivnost u krvnoj plazmi (n=8) je izmerena primenom kuplovane reakcije, kao Å”to su opisali GĆ¼nzler i sar. (1974). Normalna distribucija podataka je testirana pomoÄu Shapiro - Wilk testa normalnosti (p>0,05), a grupe su poreÄene koristeÄi t test za zavisne uzorke.
Aktivnost GPx3 u krvnoj plazmi je bila znaÄajno viÅ”a (p=0.009) u uzorcima uzetim nakon trosatnog perioda oporavka od inhalacione anestezije aplikovane radi izvoÄenja elektivne celioskopije, nego u uzorcima uzetim pre aplikovanja anestezije. Vrednosti GPx3 izmerene nakon anestezije bile su u proseku 80% viÅ”e od vrednosti pre anestezije. Može se zakljuÄiti da je statistiÄki znaÄajan porast u aktivnosti GPx3 u plazmi od 91.02Ā±36.05 mKat L-1, pre anestezije do 160.21Ā±58.94 mKat L-1, tri sata nakon anestezije uzrokovan promenom u saturaciji kiseonika. Tokom intervencije saturacija kiseonika se poveÄava i do 100% Äime se kornjaÄe uvode u uslove visoke saturacije kiseonikom
Da li je simptomatologija PBFD viÅ”e zavisna od vrste domaÄina nego od soja virusa? ā SluÄaj 8 rozenkolisa
Eight lovebirds of both sexes and different age were admitted showing alterations in
behaviour and apathy. During the initial examination delamination of the beak was
noted in all birds and discrete areas of alopecia in three of eight birds. Based on clinical
experience, molecular diagnostic on PBFD, sequencing of obtained amplicons, and
histopathological examination were performed. All birds tested positive on the presence
of PBFD virus, despite the fact they did not exhibit expected clinical signs for PBFD.
Sequencing results showed 100% match with sequences previously isolated from parrots
with PBFD exhibiting classical PBFD manifestation. Histopathological examination
showed similar findings as in previously described cases of PBFD in parrots. Other
studies on psittacine birds correlate clinical manifestations and nucleotide variations
with geographic localization. Our results indicate that the clinical manifestation of the
disease is more dependent on bird species than on the genetic variation of the virus or
the geographical distribution.Osam rozenkolisa oba pola razliÄite starosti su primljeni na pregled zbog uoÄenih promena u ponaÅ”anju i apatije. Tokom inicijalnog pregleda kod svih ptica je uoÄena delaminacija kljuna, a kod tri jedinke bila su prisutna i diskretna polja alopecije. Na osnovu
kliniÄkog iskustva postavljena je sumnja na oboljenje bolest kljuna i perja te je uraÄena
molekularna dijagnostika na pristutvo virusa bolesti kljuna i perja, sekvencioniranje
dobijenih amplifikata i patohistoloŔko ispitivanje. Rezultati ispitivanja su potvrdili prisustvo virusa u uzorcima od svih ispitivanih jedinki, poklapanje nukleotidnih sekvecni
od 100% sa uzorcima od drugih ptica sa drugaÄijom kliniÄkom slikom, a patohistoloÅ”ke promene su identiÄne onima opisanim kod bolesti kljuna i perja. Studije brojnih
autora povezivale su kliniÄku manifestaciju bolesti sa nukleotidnim varijacijama ili geografskom lokalizacijom. MeÄutim, opisani rezultati bi mogli da ukazuju da je kliniÄko
ispoljavanje bolesti viÅ”e zavisno od vrste domaÄina nego od genotipa virusa koji bolest
izaziva i od teritorije na kojoj se bolest ispoljava
Eight-Year Study of Haemogregarina stepanowi Infection in Poached European Pond Turtles (Emys orbicularis) Held in Belgrade Zoo Quarantine
The eight-year study (2015ā2023) was performed on a large sample of poached European
pond turtles infected with Haemogregarina stepanowi and held in a pond that belongs to a quarantine
section of Belgrade Zoo. The protected species of European pond turtles have been found in poor
health, with general weakness, anorexia, and low motility. Comprehensive cytological, hematological,
molecular, and postmortem evaluations have been performed. Initially, Diff Quick staining of the
blood smears revealed rounded or elongated erythrocytes, often bearing premeront or U-shaped
gamont of the hemogregarines inside. The reduced erythrocyte numbers, hemoglobin, and hematocrit
values found in the examined population of infected turtles indicated anemia. Macroscopically, shell
necrosis and massive skin hemorrhages were the most prominent findings observed in diseased
turtles. Microscopically, the lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen revealed hyperemia, hemorrhages,
and the presence of parasitic stages in tissue samples in 31 of 40 necropsied turtles. Cytological
and microscopic examination of the samples proved to be sufficient for establishing the infection,
but molecular analyses of the 18S sequence were used for phylogenetic studies. Over the years, the
number of diseased and dead turtles has decreased, which could be hypothetically attributed to the
elimination of leeches as the definitive host
NajÄeÅ”Äa oboljenja malih sisara kroz prikaze sluÄajeva
Jedinstvena definicija egzotiÄnih kuÄnih ljubimaca ne
postoji. Po jednima, to su životinje koje nisu autohtone na
datom podruÄju a gaje se kao kuÄni ljubimci. Po drugima, to
su sve socijalne životinje osim pasa, maÄaka i kopitara, dok
po treÄima u egzotiÄne kuÄne ljubimce ubrajamo jedinke koje
se tradicionalno ne gaje kao kuÄni ljubimci. Sve u svemu, na
naÅ”em prostoru pod tzv. egzotiÄnim kuÄnim ljubimcima
smatramo male sisare (kuniÄi, morski prasiÄi, afriÄki
patuljasti ježevi, ÄinÄile, pacovi, miÅ”evi, hrÄci, leminzi,
degui), kavezne ptice i gmizavce.
AfriÄki patuljasti ježevi su sve ÄeÅ”Äi pacijenti u naÅ”im
ambulantama a rad sa njima i dijagnostikovanje oboljenja je
vrlo zahtevno i izazovno. NajÄeÅ”Äe prisutna patologija vezuje
se za oÅ”teÄenje oÄiju zbog njihovog slabog vida, zatim su
prisutni problemi zuba, respiratorne infekcije, problemi na
nivou kardiovaskularnog sistema (dilatirana kardiomiopatija
je vrlo prisutna meÄu jednikama ove vrste životinja).
Pasteurella multocida je najÄeÅ”Äi uzroÄnik patologije
respiratornih organa, dok su bakterije roda Salmonella najÄeÅ”Äi uzroÄnik enteritisa. Od bolesti urinarnog sistema
najÄeÅ”Äe se dijagnostikuju cistitis i urolitijaza. Od neuroloÅ”kih
oboljenja trebalo bi obratiti pažnju na Wobbly hedgehog
syndrome (WHS) koji je zastupljen kod mladih jedinki i
manifestuje se ataksijom. Oboljenja kože razliÄite etiologije
su Äesto prisutna a sve ÄeÅ”Äe se dijagnostikuju i neoplazije.Zbornik radov
Increase of exotic pet number in Serbian small animal practice
EgzotiÄni kuÄni ljubimci se sve ÄeÅ”Äe sreÄu u veterinarskim ambulantama u Srbiji. MeÄutim, veterinari u Srbiji joÅ” uvek nisu prilagodili svoj rad ovoj
vrsti pacijenata. U ovoj studiji je analiziran broj pacijenata na Klinici za male životinje
Fakulteta veterinarske medicine, Univerziteta u Beogradu. PoreÄenjem broja egzotiÄnih kuÄnih ljubimaca i pasa i maÄaka, koji su dovoÄeni na pregled u periodu 2015. do
2020. godine, utvrÄeno je da se broj egzotiÄnih kuÄnih ljubimaca iz godine u godinu poveÄava, dok broj pasa i maÄaka stagnira. Grupa koja je zabeležila najveÄi apsolutni rast
su bile ptice, dok je vrsta životinja sa najveÄim relativnim rastom bio afriÄki patuljasti
jež. Jedina grupa egzotiÄnih kuÄnih ljubimaca koja nije zabeležila rast su bili gmizavci.
Za poveÄanje broja egzotiÄnih kuÄnih ljubimaca u maloj praksi, odgovoran je veÄi broj
faktora i to od promene naÄina života ljudi, u koje se ove životinje bolje uklapaju od tradicionalnih ljubimaca, preko sve veÄe dostupnosti egzotiÄnih kuÄnih ljubimaca, do toga
da ove životinje predstavljaju svojevrstan statusni simbol. Kada se sve ovo uzme u obzir, jasno je da su egzotiÄni kuÄni ljubimci na putu da postanu vrlo znaÄajna grana veterinarske medicine u Srbiji i da veterinari moraju da se prilagode novim trendovima.Exotic pets are increasingly present in veterinary clinics in Serbia.
However, veterinarians in Serbia have not yet adapted to this group of patients. This
study analyzed the number of patients at the Clinic for Small Animals of the Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade. By comparing the number of exotic pets
and dogs and cats that came for exemination in the period from 2015 to 2020, it was
determined that the number of exotic pets increases from year to year, while the number of dogs and cats stagnates. As for the number of exotic pets, the group that recorded the highest absolute growth were birds, while the species of animals with the highest
relative growth were African pigmy hedgehogs. The only group of exotic pets that did
not made any growth were reptiles. A number of factors are responsible for the increase
in the number of exotic pets in small practice, from the change in peoplesā lifestyle, in
which these animals fit better, through the increasing availability of exotic pets, to the
fact that these animals represent a status symbol. When all this is taken into account, it
is clear that exotic pets are on their way to becoming a very important branch of veterinary medicine in Serbia and that veterinarians must adapt to new trends
Rabbits and african dwarf hedgehogs ā pathology, diagnosis, therapy
KuniÄi i afriÄki patuljasti ježevi su vrste koje se sve ÄeÅ”Äe pojavljuju kao pacijenti u veterinarskim ambulantama. Ove vrste životinja
imaju veliki broj anatomskih i fizioloÅ”kih specifiÄnosti koje je potrebno
poznavati da bi se mogla razumeti i njihova patologija. Prepoznavanje simptoma bolesti od strane vlasnika nije jednostavno jer i kuniÄi i
ježevi mogu jako dugo da prikrivaju simptome. Oni u prirodi predstavljaju plen i na taj naÄin se Å”tite od predatora. Do ispoljavanja kliniÄke
slike dolazi tek kada se iscrpu svi kompenzacioni mehanizmi jedinke.
Vlasnici najÄeÅ”Äe uoÄavaju naglu pojavu simptoma i dolaze u veterinarsku ambulantu sa pretpostavkom da se radi o akutnom procesu. U
tom trenutku se, pored znakova primarnog oboljenja uoÄavaju i brojni simptomi sekundarnih procesa, Å”to Äini dijagnostiku izazovnom. Da
bi se utvrdio primarni uzrok oboljenja potrebno je odabrati adekvatan
uzorak za ispitivanje i primeniti odgovarajuÄe specijalistiÄke dijagnostiÄke metode, ponekad uz primenu anestezije. Naravno, svaka od
ovih metoda mora da se prilagodi vrsti da bi rezultati mogli da se pravilno interpretiraju. Kada se postavi dijagnoza, neophodno je odabrati
odgovarajuÄi terapijski protokol (konzervativan i radikalne). Na osnovu navedenih informacija, potrebno je da se veterinari upoznaju sa
specifiÄnostima patologije, dijagnostike i terapije ovih vrsta životinja.Rabbits and African pygmy hedgehogs are, other than dogs and cats, most common
pets seen in veterinary practice in Serbia. These animals have a number of specific
anatomical and physiological traits, of which veterinarian must be aware in order to
understand their pathology. Owners often have trouble recognizing the symptoms, because
both rabbits and hedgehogs can hide their symptoms for quite a long time, due to them
both being a pray species in the wildernes. Signs of disease usually manifest only after all
compensatory mechanisms are exhausted. Owners usually notice sudden onset of disease
and come to their veterinary practitioner with an assumption that their pet is suffering from
an acute condition. At that time, other than signs of primary illness, many symptoms of
secondary processes are also present, which makes diagnosing more difficult. To determine
the primary cause of disease, the use of special diagnostic procedures is often necessary,
sometimes it is required that they should be done under anesthesia. Naturally, each of
these procedures must be adjusted to the species, so that the results could be adequately
interpreted. After establishing the diagnosis, next critical point is choosing appropriate
therapeutical protocol, namely deciding between conservative and radical approach. For
these reasons it is necessary to familiarize veterinarians with specific aspects of pathology,
diagnostics and therapy of these species
Ovariohisterektomija afriÄkih patuljastih ježeva
Zbog naglog porasta popularnosti afriÄkih patuljastih ježeva (Ateletrix albiventris),
koji do skora nisu držani kao ljubimci, ispitivanja patogeneze, dijagnostike
i terapije mnogih oboljenja ove vrste životinja su sve brojnija. NeoplastiÄna
oboljenja predstavljaju jedno od najÄeÅ”Äih patoloÅ”kih stanja kod ove vrste životinja.
Kod ženki starih preko godinu dana, karcinom stromalnih Äelija materice je
najzastupljenija forma neoplazmi. Ovo su maligni tumori niskog metastatskog potencijala.
KliniÄki simptomi su u najveÄem broju sluÄajeva hematurija i vaginalno
krvarenje. Sumnja na neoplastiÄnu promenu materice se postavlja na osnovu nalaza
opÅ”teg kliniÄkog i ultrazvuÄnog pregleda. Iako je pojava metastaza ovog tipa
tumora veoma retka, kontinuirano krvarenje, kompresija organa abdominalne duplje
i sekundarne bakterijske infekcije su komplikacije koje se veoma Äesto javljaju
i mogu da dovedu do letalnog ishoda. Preventivna ovariohisterektomija predstavlja
jedinu sigurnu metodu profilakse pojave ovog oboljenja.Zbornik radov
Assessment of owner investment in African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) welfare by feeding, housing, enrichment, hygiene, and health practice
This article presents findings from an assessment of ownersā investments in the welfare of African pygmy
hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris), focusing on feeding, housing, enrichment, hygiene, and health practices.
Participants were divided into three groups based on how they acquired information about hedgehog care:
G1 consulted veterinarians, G2 consulted other owners and breeders, and G3 consulted the internet. Group
G3 comprised the largest portion of participants (45%), while G1 had the fewest (22%). The majority of
owners fed their hedgehogs commercial food (55%), supplemented with live worms, dry insects, or plants
(79%). Most hedgehogs were housed in units smaller than 0.5 square meters (68%), and 84% lacked a hiding
"house". Some owners did not provide a hedgehog wheel (17%). Owners consulting veterinarians (G1) were
more likely to use commercial food (P < 0.05), spend time interacting with their pets (P < 0.01), wash the
wheel daily (P < 0.01), seek veterinary check-ups upon acquisition (P < 0.01), schedule preventive examinations (P < 0.01), and consult veterinarians for health changes (P < 0.01) compared to internet consulters (G3). All G1 owners had hedgehog wheels, significantly more than G2 owners (P < 0.01), where 27%
lacked them. Significant differences existed between G1 and G2 in wheel washing frequency, post-acquisition veterinary visits (P < 0.001), preventive check-ups (P < 0.001), and contacting veterinarians for health
changes (P < 0.01). Overall, owners across all groups exhibited differences in care practices, including some
errors such as inadequate housing