Performance Audit for State Programmes in the Republic of Kazakhstan

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0This study is necessitated by a detailed analysis of the types of audit, in particular, the performance audit of the quasi-public sector. The purpose of this study was to investigate one of the most effective mechanisms of state financial control – performance audit. The main research methods included the method of system analysis, the method of analysis and synthesis, and the method of the system approach. It was pointed out that the performance audit constitutes a detailed audit of the activities of persons who manage the received public funds, aimed at determining the effectiveness of the use of budget funds as an indicator of their competence in performing the functions assigned to them and the tasks set. The main difference between a performance audit and any control activity is that it should not end with the conventional preparation of a report on its results. The obvious vulnerabilities of the performance audit were also identified with the currently available legislative and methodological framework, and its concepts were presented in accordance with the audit standards adopted by the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions. As a result, the study proved the relevance of the concept of performance audit, but it requires systematic preparation of the legislative, regulatory, and methodological framework, taking into account the specific features of the country's development

Translationally invariant nonlinear Schrodinger lattices

Persistence of stationary and traveling single-humped localized solutions in the spatial discretizations of the nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation is addressed. The discrete NLS equation with the most general cubic polynomial function is considered. Constraints on the nonlinear function are found from the condition that the second-order difference equation for stationary solutions can be reduced to the first-order difference map. The discrete NLS equation with such an exceptional nonlinear function is shown to have a conserved momentum but admits no standard Hamiltonian structure. It is proved that the reduction to the first-order difference map gives a sufficient condition for existence of translationally invariant single-humped stationary solutions and a necessary condition for existence of single-humped traveling solutions. Other constraints on the nonlinear function are found from the condition that the differential advance-delay equation for traveling solutions admits a reduction to an integrable normal form given by a third-order differential equation. This reduction also gives a necessary condition for existence of single-humped traveling solutions. The nonlinear function which admits both reductions defines a two-parameter family of discrete NLS equations which generalizes the integrable Ablowitz--Ladik lattice.Comment: 24 pages, 4 figure

Justification of the coupled-mode approximation for a nonlinear elliptic problem with a periodic potential

Coupled-mode systems are used in physical literature to simplify the nonlinear Maxwell and Gross-Pitaevskii equations with a small periodic potential and to approximate localized solutions called gap solitons by analytical expressions involving hyperbolic functions. We justify the use of the one-dimensional stationary coupled-mode system for a relevant elliptic problem by employing the method of Lyapunov--Schmidt reductions in Fourier space. In particular, existence of periodic/anti-periodic and decaying solutions is proved and the error terms are controlled in suitable norms. The use of multi-dimensional stationary coupled-mode systems is justified for analysis of bifurcations of periodic/anti-periodic solutions in a small multi-dimensional periodic potential.Comment: 18 pages, no figure

Synthesising dispersed powders of CoZn ferrites for microwave absorption

An important task of chemical materials science is to obtain materials with set parameters and to provide a reliable prediction of their properties. At the moment, an important task is to develop promising absorbing coatings based on dispersed magnetic materials. To ensure more effective use of dispersed powders of cobalt-zinc ferrite for fillers absorbing microwave radiation, we studied the changes in their magnetic properties and morphology depending on the conditions of the sol-gel synthesis. In our study, we synthesised Co0.65Zn0.35Fe2O4 ferrite powders of various degree of dispersion using the sol-gel method. The samples were analysed using X-ray diffractometry. The microstructure and the morphology of the nanoparticles were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. The ratio of the concentration of metal atoms in ferrite powders and the features of their distribution on the surface of the particles were determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Magnetometry was used to determine the specific saturation magnetization and the coercive force. The study demonstrated that the main factor resulting in low values of the saturation magnetization of the cobalt ferrite nanopaticles is the formation of the magnetic dead layer on their surface. This layer is formed due to a number of factors including noncollinearity of spins, disordering of cations, defectiveness, amorphous state, and the difference in the composition occurring because the processes of reciprocal diffusion of cations during and the formation of the spinel structure during the synthesis are not complete. The study determined the ways to reduce the size of the inactive magnetic layer by controlling the parameters of the solgel synthesis in order to find effective methods of obtaining ferrite powders with increased magnetization, degree of crystallinity and the intermediate particles size between a superparamagnetic and a multidomain state. Such materials can be used as fillers for coating absorbing microwave radiation

Coupled-mode equations and gap solitons in a two-dimensional nonlinear elliptic problem with a separable periodic potential

We address a two-dimensional nonlinear elliptic problem with a finite-amplitude periodic potential. For a class of separable symmetric potentials, we study the bifurcation of the first band gap in the spectrum of the linear Schr\"{o}dinger operator and the relevant coupled-mode equations to describe this bifurcation. The coupled-mode equations are derived by the rigorous analysis based on the Fourier--Bloch decomposition and the Implicit Function Theorem in the space of bounded continuous functions vanishing at infinity. Persistence of reversible localized solutions, called gap solitons, beyond the coupled-mode equations is proved under a non-degeneracy assumption on the kernel of the linearization operator. Various branches of reversible localized solutions are classified numerically in the framework of the coupled-mode equations and convergence of the approximation error is verified. Error estimates on the time-dependent solutions of the Gross--Pitaevskii equation and the coupled-mode equations are obtained for a finite-time interval.Comment: 32 pages, 16 figure

Development of resistance to type II JAK2 inhibitors in MPN depends on AXL kinase and is targetable.

PURPOSE Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) dysregulate JAK2 signaling. Since clinical JAK2 inhibitors have limited disease-modifying effects, type II JAK2 inhibitors such as CHZ868 stabilizing inactive JAK2 and reducing MPN clones, gain interest. We studied whether MPN cells escape from type ll inhibition. METHODS MPN cells were continuously exposed to CHZ868. We used phosphoproteomic analyses and ATAC-/RNA-sequencing to characterize acquired resistance to type II JAK2 inhibition, and targeted candidate mediators in MPN cells and mice. RESULTS MPN cells showed increased IC50 and reduced apoptosis upon CHZ868 reflecting acquired resistance to JAK2 inhibition. Among >2500 differential phospho-sites, MAPK pathway activation was most prominent, while JAK2-STAT3/5 remained suppressed. Altered histone occupancy promoting AP-1/GATA binding motif exposure associated with upregulated AXL kinase and enriched RAS target gene profiles. AXL knockdown resensitized MPN cells and combined JAK2/AXL inhibition using bemcentinib or gilteritinib reduced IC50 to levels of sensitive cells. While resistant cells induced tumor growth in NSG mice despite JAK2 inhibition, JAK2/AXL inhibition largely prevented tumor progression. Since inhibitors of MAPK pathway kinases such as MEK are clinically used in other malignancies, we evaluated JAK2/MAPK inhibition with trametinib to interfere with AXL-MAPK-induced resistance. Tumor growth was halted similarly to JAK2/AXL inhibition and in a systemic cell line-derived mouse model, marrow infiltration was decreased supporting dependency on AXL-MAPK. CONCLUSIONS We report on a novel mechanism of AXL-MAPK-driven escape from type II JAK2 inhibition, which is targetable at different nodes. This highlights AXL as mediator of acquired resistance warranting inhibition to enhance sustainability of JAK2 inhibition in MPN

Searching for doubly charged Higgs bosons in M\"{o}ller scattering by resonance effects at linear e−e−e^-e^- collider

We discuss the parity-violating left-right asymmetries (LRAs) in M\"{o}ller scattering at the International Linear Collider (ILC) induced by doubly charged Higgs bosons in models with $SU(2)_L$ triplet and singlet scalar bosons, which couple to the left- and right-handed charged leptons, respectively. These bosons are important in the scenarios for the generation of the neutrino mass. We demonstrate that the contributions to the LRAs from the triplet and singlet bosons are opposite to each other. In particular, we show that the doubly charged Higgs boson from the singlet scalar can be tested at the ILC by using the resonance effect.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures; version published in Eur.Phys.J.C60:119-124,200

Investigation of G-network with bypasses of queueing systems by positive customers at a non-stationary regime

An open queuing network (QN) with single-line queuing systems (QS) is considered. QS are characterized by the presence of bypasses and the possibility of coming of negative customers. The network receives two independent elementary streams. The first stream is formed from the ordinary (positive) customers, while the second is composed of negative customers. Arriving of each negative customer to the system destroys exactly one positive customer in the queue, if those are contained. Negative customers do not require maintenance as the service of positive customers in the network systems is carried out in accordance with the FIFO discipline. Positive customers with a probability depending on the state of the node when they are sent to it are added to the queue, and with an additional probability, they immediately bypass it and behave in the future as served. The service in the systems is exponential, the routing of positive customers in the network is Markov, taking into account the possibility of turning the customer into a negative one after sending it to another system

Soil concrete based on waste of heat power engineering and siftings of rock grinding

The possibility of recycling large-tonnage waste of heat power engineer-ing and mining industry in road construction is shown. Compositions of road-building materials were researched, containing siftings of rock grinding, fly ash, Portland cement, modified with a stabilizing additive of polymeric nature. X-ray phase analysis showed availability of quartz in fly ash, calcite, feldspars, goethite and X-ray amorphous phase, what is consistent with the data of infrared spectroscopy. By atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma it was revealed that fly ash is latent-active and can be disposed in compositions in the presence of a stabilizing additive. The X-ray phase analysis of grinding siftings showed that it contains quartz, feldspars, chlorite, calcite and dolomite. The specific activity of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40К) of fly ash and grinding siftings was 248 and 110 Bq/kg, which allows using such waste in construction without restrictions. It was revealed that the initial mineral raw materials belong to multiphase polymineral systems; therefore, when modifying them with stabilizing additives, binding of finely divided particles should be taken into account. It was revealed that the optimal content of Portland cement and fly ash in samples is 8 and 10 wt.%. It was found that an increase in the mass fraction of fly ash in the composition of soil-concrete up to 30 wt.% leads to softening of the samples and a decrease in their strength characteristics