Establishment of hydrolysates from enzymatic plant and fish protein by-products into fish nutrition

The aim of this research was to scientifically prove the technology for producing plant-fish hydrolysates from sunflower meal and fish waste (carp processing) and to develop scientifically based recipes for protein hydrolysates and feed using it for carp of different ages. Compositions from fish waste and different amounts of sunflower meal have been developed, the chemical composition of the compositions and the digestibility of protein by carp have been studied. It was distinguished that the best characteristics when studing the nutritional value and digestibility of crude protein have the protein hydrolysates of fish waste and sunflower meal, taken in a ratio of 1 to 2. Accordingly, in this case, a high content of dry matter was noted 65.57 ± 0.18%), crude protein 41.92±0.72%, crude fat 2.74±0.12% and low crude fiber 14.34±0.10%, and the apparent protein digestibility coefficient was 78.8%. The compiled enzyme compositions for enzymatic hydrolysis are optimal at a temperature of 50°C and the proportion of the enzyme composition for fermentation in an amount of 5%, containing enzyme preparations: Protozyme - 40%, Cellulase - 35%, Lipase - 10% and Amylorizin - 15%

Influence of Using Various Levels of Protein Concentrate in Rations of Ayrshire Dairy Cows on Rumen Microbiome, Reproductive Traits and Economic Efficiency

Animal feeding research has revealed a close relationship between the chemical composition and nutritional value of cow rations, the number of rumen bacterial communities and animal productivity. Our present research aimed to investigate the outcome of inclusion of different levels of protein concentrate in rations of Ayrshire dairy cows in relation to the rumen microbiome, reproductive traits and economic value. Forty-five Ayrshire cows were divided into three groups (15 in each). The first control group 0 AM was fed the basal ration, while the second 1 AM and third 2 AM groups were fed the basic ration with the sunflower cake replaced by different levels of protein concentrate Agro-Matic (1 and 1.5 kg/head/day, respectively). Ruminal fluid samples, reproductive parameters and economic value were studied. During the early lactation period, 120 days in milk (DIM), the number of pathogenic microorganisms decreased in both the 1 AM and 2 AM groups when compared with the control group 0 AM; moreover, a significant decrease in Peptococcus bacteria was recorded in the 1 AM group, while Fusobacterium decreased in the 2 AM group. At the end of lactation, the total number of cellulolytic bacteria increased with the use of protein concentrate in animals of the 1 AM group when compared with the control group. Regarding undesirable bacteria, the 2 AM group recorded the highest value for Lactobacilli and Actinobacteria when compared with the 0 AM group (0.18 and 8.90 vs. 0.04 and 4.24), and the differences were significant (p p > 0.05. The profitability of milk production increased by 2.76% and 6.28% in both supplemented groups, and the differences compared to the 0 AM group were significant. We conclude that the supplementation of Agro-Matic caused no deviations from the normal standards of cellulolytic, amylolytic, transit and pathogenic bacteria, no impact on reproductive functions and significantly improved the profitability of the milk production process of Ayrshire dairy cows