Uticaj različitih varijanti đubrenja na kvantitet i kvalitet zrna pšenice

The research examined the effect of different ways of fertilization on the 1000 grain yield and protein content of wheat. For research was used wheat variety Pobeda. The experiment was set in two variants with and without diazotrophs. For both variants was performed before seeding fertilization and tilled complex NPK fertilizer in four levels with a ratio of nutrients 8:24:16 and variant Đ2 250 kg ha-1, Đ3-375 kg ha-1 and Đ4 500 kg ha-1. During supplemental feeding wheat entered the urea in an amount of Đ2-108 kg ha-1 Đ3-196 kg ha-1 Đ4-260 kg ha-1. Inoculation of seeds with a mixture of different types of diazotrophs (Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum lipoferum, Pseudomonas fluorosciencs, Bacillus subtilis) was conducted before seeding. The same a mixture of diazotrophe was conducted with foliar treatment in the phase of tillering in an amount of tillering 5 l ha-1. At the end of the vegetation it has been established that the studied traits were increased in the variant with the application diazotrophs in all variants of fertilization. 1000 grain weight was increased by 5,54%. The highest 1000 grain weight was the variants Đ2 39,5 g. The height yield with inoculation was increased by 7.78%. There is a correlative relationship between nitrogen dose and the yield. The regression line shows the trend of rising yields, which was not in high correlation with large amounts of mineral nitrogen. The protein content was increased by 7.38%.U istraživanjima je ispitivan uticaj različitih načina đubrenja na masu 1000 zrna, visinu prinosa pšenice i sadržaj proteina. Za istraživanja se koristila pšenica sorte Pobeda. Ogled je postavljen u dve varijante sa i bez primene diazotrofa. Za obe varijante ogleda obavljeno je predsetveno đubrenje i zaorano kompleksno NPK mineralno đubrivo u četiri nivoa sa odnosom hraniva 8:24:16 i to za varijantu Đ2 250 kg ha-1, Đ3-375 kg ha-1 i Đ4 500 kg ha-1. Prilikom prihrane pšenice uneta je urea u količini Đ2-108 kg ha-1 Đ3-196 kg ha-1 Đ4-260 kg ha-1. Pred setvu je obavljena inokulacija semena sa smešom različitih vrsta diazotrofa Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum lipoferum, Pseudomonas fluorosciencs, Bacillus subtilis. Istom smešom diazotrofa je obavljen folijarni tretman u fazi vlatanja u količini od 5 l ha-1. Na kraju vegetacije utvrđeno je da su ispitivane osobine bile povećane u varijanti sa primenom diazotrofa u svim varijantama đubrenja. Masa 1000 zrna bila povećana za 5,54%. Najveća masa 1000 zrna bila pri đubrenju Đ2 39,5 g. Visina prinosa pri inokulaciji bila je poveća za 7,78%. Postojala je korelativna zavisnost između količina primenjenog azota i visine prinosa, a linija regresije pokazuje trend rasta prinosa koji nije bio u visokoj korelaciji sa velikim količinama mineralnog azota. Sadržaj proteina bio je povećan za 7,38%

Uticaj primene vodenih ekstrakata na prinos u organskoj proizvodnji soje

Biennial soya research was done in the surroundings of Bačka Topola. The field experiment was set by a replicate randomised complete block design. The goal was to determine the influence of aqueous plant extracts on soybean grain yield in an organic breeding system. A variance analasys was done and the central values between applied treatments were tested by a test of least significant differences. The applied treatment revealed a very significant influence. There were statistically significant differences between all variants. The yield was highest whilst a foliar application of a fermented nettle and common comfrey combination, which was performed in three repetitions that had time gaps of two weeks in between.Dvogodišnja istraživanja sa sojom, sprovedena su u okolini Bačke Topole. Poljski eksperimentalni ogled bio je postavljen po dizajnu slučajnog blok sistema. Cilj je bio da se utvrdi uticaj vodenih biljnih ekstarkata na prinos zrna soje u organskom sistemu gajenja. Urađena je analiza varijanse, a srednje vrednosti između primenjenih tretmana testirane su testom najmanje značajnih razlika. Primenjeni tretman ispoljio je statistički vrlo značajan uticaj. Između svih varijanti postojale su statistički zanačajne razlike. Najviši prinos ostvaren je kod folijarno primenjene kombinacija fermentisane korive i gaveza u tri navrata sa po dve nedelje razmaka između primena

Predicting the survival probability of functional neuroendocrine tumors treated with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy: Serbian experience

IntroductionPeptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is a treatment option for well-differentiated, somatostatin receptor positive, unresectable or/and metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Although high disease control rates seen with PRRT a significant number NET patients have a short progression-free interval, and currently, there is a deficiency of effective biomarkers to pre-identify these patients. This study is aimed at determining the prognostic significance of biomarkers on survival of patients with NETs in initial PRRT treatment.MethodologyWe retrospectively analyzed 51 patients with NETs treated with PRRT at the Department for nuclear medicine, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Serbia, with a five-year follow-up. Eligible patients with confirmed inoperable NETs, were retrospectively evaluated hematological, blood-based inflammatory markers, biochemical markers and clinical characteristics on disease progression. In accordance with the progression og the disease, the patients were divided into two groups: progression group (n=18) and a non-progression group (n=33). Clinical data were compared between the two groups.ResultsA total of 51 patients (Md=60, age 25-75 years) were treated with PRRT, of whom 29 (56.86%) demonstrated stable disease, 4 (7.84%) demonstrated a partial response, and 14 (27.46%) demonstrated progressive disease and death was recorded in 4 (7.84%) patients. The mean PFS was a 36.22 months (95% CI 30.14-42.29) and the mean OS was 44.68 months (95% CI 37.40-51.97). Univariate logistic regression analysis displayed that age (p<0.05), functional tumors (p<0.05), absolute neutrophil count (p<0.05), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio-NLR (p<0.05), C-reactive protein-CRP (p<0.05), CRP/Albumin (p<0.05), alanine aminotransferase-ALT (p<0.05), were risk factors for disease progression. Multivariate logistic regression analysis exhibited that functional tumors (p<0.001), age (p<0.05), CRP (p<0.05), and ALT (p<0.05), were independent risk factors for the disease progression in patients with NETs. Tumor functionality was the most powerful prognostic factor. The median PFS (11.86 ± 1.41 vs. 43.38 ± 3.16 months; p=0.001) and OS (21.81 ± 2.70 vs 53.86 ± 3.70, p=0.001) were significantly shorter in patients with functional than non-functional NETs respectively.ConclusionThe study’s results suggest that tumor functionality, and certain biomarkers may serve as prognostic survival indicators for patients with NETs undergoing PRRT. The findings can potentially help to identify patients who are at higher risk of disease progression and tailor treatment strategies accordingly

Clinical Usefulness of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC and 131I-MIBG Scintigraphy in the Evaluation of Adrenal Tumors

Disorders and morphological abnormalities affecting the adrenal gland, could lead to profound clinical consequences, owing to its biochemical structure-activity and morphological characteristics

Fatigue in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

Fatigue is a common feature in a wide variety of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, but fatigue in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has not been investigated so far. The aim of this study was to examine fatigue in patients with AITD and to analyse the correlation between fatigue and the serum concentrations of thyroid antibodies, thyroid function and depression. This cross-sectional clinical study included 62 patients with increased concentrations of thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) as confirmation of AITD and 52 healthy individuals who were negative for thyroid antibodies; all controls were euthyroid. Thyroid antibodies, free thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone were measured in the sera of all subjects. The Fatigue Severity Scale was used to measure the severity of fatigue; the level of depression was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Eight (12.9%) patients had evident fatigue, 7 (11.3%) patients had fatigue limit values, and 47 (75.8%) patients had no fatigue. The frequency of fatigue was highly significant and almost three times higher in the AITD patients compared to the control group, in which only 2 (3.8%) patients had evident fatigue. The majority of patients with fatigue had normal thyroid function, and only one (1.6%) patient had overt hypothyroidism. Seven (11.3%) patients had both fatigue and depression, whereas one (1.6%) patient had fatigue without depression. We did not find significant correlations between fatigue and the concentrations of thyroid antibodies, but we found statistically significant correlations between fatigue and depression in AITD patients

Adiponectin and Interleukin-33: Possible Early Markers of Metabolic Syndrome

Adiponectin is one of the most important molecules in the body’s compensatory response to the development of insulin resistance. By trying to maintain insulin sensitivity, increase insulin secretion and prevent inflammation, adiponectin tries to maintain glucose homeostasis. Interleukin-33, which belongs to the group of alarmins, also promotes insulin secretion. Interleukin-33 might be either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory depending on the disease and the model. However, interleukin-33 has shown various protective effects in CVD, obesity and diabetes. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between adiponectin and interleukin-33 in patients with metabolic syndrome. As expected, all patients with metabolic syndrome had worse parameters that represent the hallmark of metabolic syndrome compared to the control group. In the subgroup of patients with low adiponectin, we observed less pronounced characteristics of metabolic syndrome simultaneously with significantly higher values of interleukin-33 compared to the subgroup of patients with high adiponectin. Our findings suggested that adiponectin might be an early marker of metabolic syndrome that emerges before anthropomorphic, biochemical and clinical parameters. We also suggest that both interleukin-33 and adiponectin may be used to predict the inflammatory status in the early stage of metabolic syndrome

Whey as a raw material for the production of functional beverages

One of the least utilized by-products of food industry, despite the great potential that is described, is the whey, which is obtained as a by-product of the technological process production of cheese and casein. The excess whey, which occurs in this process in very high yields, with failure to processing is becoming a very big polluter, what is completely at odds with the potential that such materials possess. On the other hand, the modern tempo and way of life, and increasingly polluted environmental also, impose the need to produce food products that would help the human body in the fight against harmful agents which are exposed to daily. One of the more effective solution is the production of fermented functional beverages based on whey, which achieved this intention in the most natural and most comfortable way. Considering the rather untapped potential of whey as a raw material and growing food shortages in the world market, the aim of this study was to analyze the possibilities of production of functional beverages based on whey, with satisfactory sensory characteristics, in order to demonstrate the attractiveness of whey as raw material in the food industry. This paper presents an overview of the wide possibilities for the use of whey with a special emphasis on its attractiveness and the necessity of its utilizing.Surutka koja nastaje u procesima proizvodnje sira i kazeina, predstavlja jedan od nedovoljno iskorišćenih sporednih proizvoda prehrambene industrije u Srbiji. Usled neiskorišćavanja, surutka postaje veoma veliki zagađivač, što je u potpunosti u neskladu sa potencijalima koje kao sirovina poseduje. Sa druge strane, savremeni tempo i način života, kao i sve zagađenije životno okruženje nameću potrebu proizvodnje prehrambenih proizvoda koji bi pomogli ljudskom organizmu u borbi protiv štetnih agenasa kojima je svakodnevno izložen. Jedno od efikasnijih rešenja je proizvodnja fermentisanih funkcionalnih napitaka na bazi surutke, koji ovaj cilj ostvaruju na prirodan i jednostavan način. Uzimajući u obzir prilično neiskorišćen potencijal surutke kao sirovine i sve izraženiju nestašicu hrane na svetskom tržištu, ovo istraživanje usmereno je na analizu mogućnosti proizvodnje funkcionalnih napitaka na bazi surutke zadovoljavajućih senzornih svojstava sa ciljem da se ukaže na atraktivnost suruke kao sirovine u prehrambenoj industriji