Oral Health Practice, Incidence of Dental Caries, and Plaque Index of Visually Impaired Students: A Basis for the Development of Oral Hygiene Braille Manual: a Basis for the Development of Oral hygiene Braille Manual

Oral health is an integral part of a person’s holistic health but it still an alarming health concernin the Philippines. This research focused on visually impaired students. Blind patients have ahigher prevalence of dental caries because they cannot envision the plaque and caries in theiroral cavity and would often struggle to obtain dental care due to their increased anxiety.This is a cross-sectional observational study that aimed to produce an oral hygiene braillemanual based on the extent of oral health practice, incidence of dental caries, and plaque indexof the visually impaired students in a local school that caters for visually impaired. Thequestionnaire form has 3 parts: (1) consent form (2) demographic questions: sight impairment,primary care giver’s income, age, gender (3) and questions concerning their oral hygienepractice. Results were correlated with the student’s caries and plaque using the following index: Decayed Missing Filled Teeth(DMFT)/Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) .Seventeen (17) students participated in the study, ranging from grade levels 1-10 and agesfrom 8-21 years old. Eight (8) out of seventeen (17) participants have low-vision while the restare totally blind. The participants’ monthly family income ranges from below 10,000-20,000php. All correlations were statistically non-significant. But since Oral health practices,plaque index, and caries incidence were fair there is a need for prevention to aim for good oralhealth practice hence, the creation of a manual focused on preventive dentistryThis pilot research had limitations that might have lead to the non-significant results of thestudy such as: limited sample size, Hawthorne effect and limitation of index used. Therefore,the author recommends future researchers to improve the survey questionnaires and use a moreaccurate index to a larger sample size

Prevalence of Dental Caries on Permanent First Molars of 7-Year Old School-Aged Children: Basis for the use of Pit and Fissure Sealants

Dental caries is the leading cause of oral diseases in young children all throughout the world. It occurs as a result of the dissolution and destruction of the enamel surface by the microorganisms. The purpose of the study is to compare the prevalence of first permanent molar caries among sever year old school-aged children as a basis for the use of pit and fissure sealants. Specifically were to answer the following: 1) What is the number of 7 year old children with fully erupted first permanent molars?; 2) What is the prevalence and degree of existing caries on all the first permanent molars using ICDAS II method of caries assessment, in terms of: a)Sealable non-carious/ ICDAS II code 0, b)Sealable carious/ ICDAS II code 1 & 2, and c)Non-sealable carious/ ICDAS II code 3-6 ; and 3) Is there a gender predilection in the development of dental caries. The descriptive research design was used to utilize the ICDAS II caries index to assess the prevalence of the caries on the permanent molars. A total of 36 respondents were examined in this study. Data was analyzed using frequency, distribution and Chi-square test. Initially, there were 47 participants or the proposed study ages 7 years old, but only 36 (76.60%) of them met the inclusion criteria of having their first permanent molars fully erupted. Results showed that out of 144 teeth of the respondents, there were 121 sealable non-carious, 14 sealable carious, and 9 non-sealable carious teeth. There was no gender predilection. The study showed that there is a high percentage of sealable non-carious permanent molar, which is the appropriate age to strongly implement the application of pit and fissure sealant. This would significantly benefit in preventing and/or inhibiting the occurrence of caries in 1st permanent molars