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ΠΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π΅Π΄ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ- ΠΠΠ 26 - Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ?
The world is facing the visible and potential consequences of climate change. No place on the Earth is immune to these changes. Current policy applied worldwide anticipates global warming of about 2.7oC compared to pre-industrial level by the end of the century. By implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), warming will be kept to 2.4oC. If long-term commitment targets or net-zero targets are included, then warming would be kept to about 2.1oC above the pre-industrial levels. The warming projections dropped by 0.3oC after the made pledges and established targets by the USA and Peoplesβ Republic of China. According to the βoptimisticβ scenario, if the 140 analysed countries reach the zero emission targets, then the average warming will be 1.8oC, or below 2oC. There is a significant gap between the pledges made by the governments and the total level of actions they have undertaken so far.With the new economic challenges, it is clear that we are at a crossroads. The impact of COVID-19 crisis will be crucial for the future of the climate policy. Climate changes will not wait. Their threat is over our heads and each and every day we face them. Every individual has a role to play in dealing with global climate change and we all can contribute to this threat if we all work together in a synchronous way. A greater political involvement is needed along with collective actions taken by all social actors. Over the last two years, the World Health Organization has advocated for greater inclusion of health authorities and services in Nationally determined contributions through activities to reduce the implications on health by climate change. Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π΅ Π΅Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. Π‘Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ²Π°Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ 2,7oC Π²ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π±Π° ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡ Π½Π° Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ. Π‘ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈ (NDCs), Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΆΠΈ Π½Π° 2,4oC. ΠΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° βnet-zeroβ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π±ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ 2,1oC Π½Π°Π΄ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ° Π·Π° 0,3oC ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π° Π½Π° Π‘ΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° Π Π΅ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΠΈΠ½Π°. Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ βΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎβ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎ, Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΊΡ 140-ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° Π½ΡΠ»ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ 1,8oC ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ 2oC. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠ°Π· ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π° Π½Π° Π²Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³Π°. Π‘ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΌΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Ρ. ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΠΠΠΠ-19 ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π° ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π°Ρ. ΠΠΈΠ²Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π½Π° Π΅ Π½Π°Π΄ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π°Π²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ². Π‘Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π° Π²ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΡΠΎ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²Π°Π°Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° Π½Π°ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ· Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ.