66 research outputs found
Long-term growth determinants of young businesses in Germany : effects of regional concentration and specialisation
"This paper explores how different levels of regional concentration and specialisation affect the long-term growth of young firms. The sample consists of knowledge-intensive and non-knowledge-intensive western German manufacturing firms which were set-up in 1992 and managed to survive 11 years. The paper examines the joint effect of regional, industrial and firm-specific determinants. The analysis of the concentration and specialisation factors takes into account the industrial and technological dimensions and the regional level of human capital. With regard to the concentration measures being located in an industrial or technological agglomeration slightly reduces the growth rates of start-ups. The same negative, but stronger, effect can be observed for competition measures. Furthermore, our results suggest that startups exhibit higher growth rates the higher specialised the region is in which they are located." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))Unternehmensgründung, verarbeitendes Gewerbe, Unternehmensentwicklung - Determinanten, Standortfaktoren, regionale Faktoren, Humankapital, Wettbewerbsfähigkeit, Wirtschaftszweige, regionales Cluster, Westdeutschland, Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Cluster Evolution and a Roadmap for Future Research
There is increasing recognition that the existence of clusters can only be understood when studying their dynamics over time (Audretsch and Feldman 1996; Pouder and St. John 1996; Swann et al. 1998; Maggioni 2002; Brenner 2004; Iammarino and McCann 2006; Menzel and Fornahl 2010; Ter Wal and Boschma 2011). In fact, clusters may be best understood as products of a path-dependent process (Martin and Sunley 2006). In that context, scholars have described the main features of cluster development over time, and have explored the driving forces behind their evolution. In their seminal contribution, Menzel and Fornahl (2010) proposed a cluster life cycle model in which firms enter and exit the cluster, capabilities of cluster firms develop and interact (and might converge), and inter-organizational linkages within and beyond the cluster are established and dissolved along the cluster life cycle.Downward causation, Economic landscape, emergence, Evolution, Supervenience
Regional Path-Dependence in Start-up Activity
This paper studies the impact of an existing industrial structure in a region on the number of start-ups in this region. The aim is to detect path-dependencies in the regional industry structure. To this end we study empirically the regional factors that influence start-up rates. The approach deviates from the huge literature on start-up rates by studying each 2-digit industry separately, including the employment in other industries into the analysis and distinguishing between factors that provide founders and factors that influence their likelihood to start a firm.industrial dynamics, regional industry structure, start-ups, entrepreneurship, path-dependence
What drives patent performance of German biotech firms? The impact of R&D subsidies, knowledge networks and their location
This paper aims to explain whether firm-specific features, their engagement in collaboration networks and their location influence patent activity of biotech firms in Germany in the period 1997-2004. First, we demonstrate that non-collaborative R&D subsidies do not increase patent intensity of biotech firms. Second, the number of knowledge links biotech firms is also not influencing their patent performance. However, strong and robust evidence is found that some but not too much cognitive distance between actors involved in R&D collaborations increases patent performance of firms. Third, being located in a biotech cluster does positively impact on patent performance.relatedness, R&D subsidies, biotechnology, knowledge networks, proximity paradox
B2C - bubble to cluster: the dot.com boom, spin-off entrepreneurship, and regional industry evolution
This article studies entrepreneurial activities emerging out of one of Germany's most prominent dot.com firms: Intershop, a maker of e-commerce software. We show that Intershop spawned at least 30 spin-offs. The majority entered locally, giving rise to a small but growing software cluster and counteracting the job losses accompanying the parent firm's drastic downsizing after 2000. We trace the knowledge transfer from Intershop to the spin-offs and relate it to recent theorizing on the spin-off process as well as spin-off-based cluster formation. The Intershop case suggests that temporarily successful dot.coms could exert lasting effects on regional development
From here, from there, and from beyond: endogenous and exogenous factors triggering change along the cluster life cycle in a multi-scalar environment
While explaining cluster internal impacts on cluster development, cluster life cycle theory fails to explain the influence of cluster external factors. Based on a multiscalar approach, this study investigates factors causing change within an agritech cluster applying a qualitative approach. Main shifts in cluster development and their inducing factors from multiple scalar and thematic contexts are investigated. Concluding, incremental changes are mainly induced by knowledge dynamics within the same industry, especially from the local level. Radical change is the result of an exogenous shock from the national institutional environment. In total, specific changes are induced by specific factors from specific scales
Cluster life cycles: dimensions and rationales of cluster development
We present a model that explains how a cluster moves through a life cycle and why this movement differs from the industry life cycle. The model is based on three key processes: the changing heterogeneity in the cluster describes the movement of the cluster through the life cycle; the geographical absorptive capacity enables clustered companies to take advantage of a larger diversity of knowledge and the stronger convergence of clustered companies compared to non-clustered companies results in a reduction of heterogeneity. We apply these processes to four stages of the cluster life cycle: emergence, growth, sustainment and decline
Long-term growth determinants of young businesses in Germany: Effects of regional concentration and specialisation
In dem Beitrag wird untersucht, wie unterschiedliche Ausprägungen regionaler Konzentration und Spezialisierung das langfristige Wachstum neugegründeter Unternehmen beeinflussen. Die Stichprobe umfasst wissensintensive und nicht-wissensintensive westdeutsche Unternehmen des verarbeitenden Gewerbes, die im Jahr 1992 gegründet wurden und die nach elf Jahren noch existieren. Regionale, branchenspezifische und unternehmensspezifische Determinanten der Unternehmensentwicklung werden untersucht. Die Analyse der Konzentrations- und Spezialisationsfaktoren berücksichtigt dabei die sektorale und technische Dimension sowie das Humankapital in der Region. Hinsichtlich der Konzentration zeigt sich, dass Standorte in einer industriellen oder technischen Agglomeration die Wachstumsquoten neu gegründeter Unternehmen leicht verringern. In stärkerem Ausmaß wird dieser Effekt in Bezug auf Wettbewerb beobachtet. Weiterhin weisen die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass Gründungen höhere Wachstumsquoten aufweisen je größer die Spezialisierung der Region ist, in der das Unternehmen angesiedelt ist
Long-term growth determinants of young businesses in Germany: effects of regional concentration and specialisation
"This paper explores how different levels of regional concentration and specialisation affect the long-term growth of young firms. The sample consists of knowledge-intensive and non-knowledge-intensive western German manufacturing firms which were set-up in 1992 and managed to survive 11 years. The paper examines the joint effect of regional, industrial and firm-specific determinants. The analysis of the concentration and specialisation factors takes into account the industrial and technological dimensions and the regional level of human capital. With regard to the concentration measures being located in an industrial or technological agglomeration slightly reduces the growth rates of start-ups. The same negative, but stronger, effect can be observed for competition measures. Furthermore, our results suggest that startups exhibit higher growth rates the higher specialised the region is in which they are located." (author's abstract)In dem Beitrag wird untersucht, wie unterschiedliche Ausprägungen regionaler Konzentration und Spezialisierung das langfristige Wachstum neugegründeter Unternehmen beeinflussen. Die Stichprobe umfasst wissensintensive und nicht-wissensintensive westdeutsche Unternehmen des verarbeitenden Gewerbes, die im Jahr 1992 gegründet wurden und die nach elf Jahren noch existieren. Regionale, branchenspezifische und unternehmensspezifische Determinanten der Unternehmensentwicklung werden untersucht. Die Analyse der Konzentrations- und Spezialisationsfaktoren berücksichtigt dabei die sektorale und technische Dimension sowie das Humankapital in der Region. Hinsichtlich der Konzentration zeigt sich, dass Standorte in einer industriellen oder technischen Agglomeration die Wachstumsquoten neu gegründeter Unternehmen leicht verringern. In stärkerem Ausmaß wird dieser Effekt in Bezug auf Wettbewerb beobachtet. Weiterhin weisen die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass Gründungen höhere Wachstumsquoten aufweisen je größer die Spezialisierung der Region ist, in der das Unternehmen angesiedelt ist. (IAB
Persistence and change of regional industrial activities: The impact of diversification in the German machine tool industry
The paper Investigates stability and change of regional economic activities in the long-run. As the unit of analysis we selected the machine tool industry in West Germany for the years 1953 to 2002. We spot a strong variance in the activities between the different regions. These differences are relatively stable over time and the regional activities are rather path-dependent. Nevertheless, the paper also identifies changes in the level of activities. As the main driving factors for these changes we examine the effect of regional diversification strategies. We find that those regions pursuing a general diversification strategy have a higher likelihood to grow than regions which are specialising. Furthermore, diversification into totally new technological and product fields is only beneficial under specific circumstances based on technological and market developments. Hence, in most cases a broad diversification is superior to one focusing on new state-of-the-art technological fields
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