Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Climate seasonality limits leaf carbon assimilation and wood productivity in tropical forests

The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cycle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combination of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measurements and 35 litter productivity measurements), their associated canopy photosynthetic capacity (enhanced vegetation index, EVI) and climate, we ask how carbon assimilation and aboveground allocation are related to climate seasonality in tropical forests and how they interact in the seasonal carbon cycle. We found that canopy photosynthetic capacity seasonality responds positively to precipitation when rainfall is  < 2000 mm yr⁻¹ (water-limited forests) and to radiation otherwise (light-limited forests). On the other hand, independent of climate limitations, wood productivity and litterfall are driven by seasonal variation in precipitation and evapotranspiration, respectively. Consequently, light-limited forests present an asynchronism between canopy photosynthetic capacity and wood productivity. First-order control by precipitation likely indicates a decrease in tropical forest productivity in a drier climate in water-limited forest, and in current light-limited forest with future rainfall  < 2000 mm yr⁻¹

Período de absorção intestinal de macromoléculas em cabritos recém-nascidos após a ingestão de colostro bovino

Após o nascimento, os cabritos são dependentes das imunoglobulinas colostrais devido às características placentárias que não permitem a passagem de macromoléculas da circulação materna. de acordo com a literatura, os cabritos possuem capacidade absortiva por até quatro dias. Muitos aspectos fisiológicos de outras espécies são aceitos e utilizados para caprinos, mas aqueles relacionados à transferência de imunidade passiva precisam de investigação. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram determinar o período de passagem de macromoléculas da mucosa intestinal para a circulação e a duração da proteção humoral transferida passivamente pela ingestão de colostro bovino e caprino. Sessenta cabritos recém-nascidos foram distribuídos em seis tratamentos: T 0 (n=25), ingestão natural de colostro caprino à vontade; T 1 (n=7), colostro bovino entre o nascimento e duas horas pós-parto; T 2 (n=7), ingestão de colostro bovino entre quatro e seis horas pós-nascimento; T 3 (n=7), leite nas primeiras oito horas e colostro bovino entre 10 e 12 horas pós-parto; T 4 (n=7), ingestão de leite até 18 horas e colostro bovino entre 22 e 24 horas pós-nascimento; T 5 (n=7), leite até 30 horas e ingestão de colostro bovino entre 34 e 36 horas pós-parto. Determinaram-se as concentrações séricas de proteína total (PT), gamaglobulina, imunoglobulina G (IgG) e a atividade sérica de gama glutamiltransferase (GGT). Ao nascimento, todos os neonatos tiveram valores mais baixos das variáveis, com aumento significativo da PT e gamaglobulina, após dois dias, nos grupos T 0, T 1 e T 2; a IgG e GGT aumentaram em todos os grupos. Os tratamentos T 3, T 4 e T 5 foram considerados como indutores de falha de transferência de imunidade passiva. A absorção de macromoléculas pelo trato intestinal dos cabritos ocorreu até 36 horas pós-parto, sendo mais efetiva até 12 horas. Os níveis de anticorpos persistiram até 75 dias após a ingestão de colostro bovino, porém, com concentrações inadequadas.After birth goat kids are dependent of colostrum immunoglobulins due to placental characteristics that don't allow macromolecules passage from dam's circulation. According to literature goat kids have colostrum immunoglobulin absorption capability for up to four days. Many physiological aspects of other species have been accepted and used for goats, but those related to passive immunity transference needs more investigation. The goals of the present study was to determine the period of macromolecules passage through gut wall to circulation until 36 hours postpartum and verify the duration of protective humoral immunity transferred by the ingestion of bovine and caprine colostrum. Sixty newborn goat kids were allocated into six treatment groups: T 0 (n=25), non-restricted natural ingestion of goat colostrum; T 1 (n=7), bovine colostrum from birth to two hours postpartum; T 2 (n=7), bovine colostrum ingestion between four to six hours after birth; T 3 (n=7), milk intake until the first eight hours and bovine colostrum administration between 10 to 12 hours postpartum; T 4 (n=7), milk ingestion for the first 18 hours and bovine colostrum ingestion between 22 and 24 hours after birth; T 5 (n=7), milk administration until 30 hours and bovine colostrum intake between 34 to 36 hours postpartum. The total protein (TP), gammaglobulin, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) serum concentrations were determined. At birth all neonates presented lower values of the variables, with significant increase of TP and gammaglobulin at two days in groups T 0, T 1 and T 2, IgG and GGT increased in all groups. The treatments T 3, T 4 and T 5 were considered to induce failure of immunity passive transfer. The absorption of macromolecules by kid's intestinal tract occurred until 36 hours postpartum, with better effectiveness until 12 hours. Antibody levels persist up to 75 days after bovine colostrum intake, but at this time their low concentrations doesn't provide adequate protection.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Avaliação da vitalidade de cordeiros nascidos de partos eutócicos e cesarianas

Resumo: O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a vitalidade de cordeiros nascidos de parto normal e de cesariana, ao longo das primeiras 48 horas de vida, por meio da pontuação no escore Apgar, do seu comportamento e da aferição dos parâmetros vitais. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos, sendo o primeiro constituído por cordeiros nascidos de parto normal (NORMAL) e os outros dois de cesarianas, porém com dois protocolos anestésicos diferentes, ou seja, por meio de anestesias inalatória (INAL) e total intravenosa (ATI). Os animais do grupo NORMAL obtiveram pontuação maior no escore Apgar. Ao nascimento e aos 15 minutos, 93,75% dos cordeiros do grupo NORMAL obtiveram pontuação máxima (7-8), enquanto que nenhum dos animais nascidos de cesarianas atingiu essa pontuação, ao nascimento. Aos 15 minutos, 25,00% dos animais do grupo INAL recebeu a mesma soma de pontos. A frequência cardíaca permaneceu praticamente inalterada para ambos os grupos, com tendência à diminuição dos valores, às 24 horas, para animais do grupo ATI. A frequência respiratória (FR) ao nascimento foi significativamente menor nos animais nascidos de cesarianas (26±25mpm, INAL; 5±5mpm, ATI), encontrando-se, porém, próxima aos valores dos animais do grupo NORMAL, aos 60 minutos. Constatou-se tendência à diminuição nos valores de temperatura até os 15 minutos de vida em todos os grupos, prolongando-se, até os 60 minutos, nos animais pertencentes ao grupo ATI. Os animais nascidos de cesarianas possuem vitalidade inferior aos nascidos de partos normais

Blood gas parameters and acid-base balance of kids from normal delivery

A adaptação à vida extra-uterina é período crítico para o recém-nascido. Inúmeras alterações ocorrem em diferentes sistemas e órgãos, incluindo a função respiratória e o equilíbrio ácido-básico. O presente trabalho objetivou constatar a ocorrência de acidose em cabritos recém-nascidos e obter parâmetros gasométricos e ácido-básicos dos mesmos, até as 24 horas de vida. Para tanto, foram utilizados 33 cabritos, sem distinção de sexo. Amostras sanguíneas foram colhidas por venopunção jugular, imediatamente após o nascimento, aos cinco, dez e 15 minutos, e às 24 horas de vida, para determinação do pH, pressão parcial de oxigênio (pO2), pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono (pCO2), dióxido de carbono total (TCO2), concentração de bicarbonato (HCO3), excesso de bases (BE) e a saturação de oxigênio (sO2) utilizando-se analisador portátil de gases sanguíneos. Observaram-se diferenças significativas entre os momentos nos valores gasométricos dos cabritos em todas as variáveis estudadas. Os cabritos recém-nascidos apresentaram acidose respiratória no período pós-parto imediato, normalizando-se às 24 horas de vida.The extra-uterine life adaptation is a critical period for the newborn. Several changes occur in different organ systems including respiratory function and acid-base balance. The aim of this study was to hypothesize the occurrence of acidosis in newborn kids and obtain blood gas and acid-base parameters of kids in the first 24 hours of life. For this, 33 goat kids of both sexes were used. The blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture immediately after birth, 5, 10, 15 minutes and 24 hours of life. The blood pH, oxygen partial pressure (pO2), carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2), total carbon dioxide (TCO2), bicarbonate concentration (HCO3), base excess (BE) and oxygen saturation (SO2) were determined with a portable blood gas analyzer. Significant differences were observed between the moments in all variables of the kids blood gas values. The newborn kids had respiratory acidosis during the immediate post-partum period, normalizing at 24 hours of life

The Main Benefits of Application of Six Sigma for Productive Excellence

Purpose: The present paper addressed the application of the Six Sigma method for process management to reduce the variability and scrap of packages manufactured at a company located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Methodology/Approach: Exploratory research was conducted to understand the context, analyse, and create familiarity with the problems identified in the company, making them more explicit. Findings: Through Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC) the company was able to identify the main causes of customer complaints and the factors that led to these complaints. Using management tools, it was possible to solve the problems with packaging outside the specifications, which was the reason for complaints from customers. The benefits of this research were the identification and analysis of the quality management tools. Research Limitation/Implication: The present research had as a limitation the application of the method is only one company, so it is proposed as a future study of the application in different production processes of different organizations. Originality/Value of paper: It was evidenced that there is a positive relationship between the application of Quality management methods and company billing, as there was an increase of 1.7% in company billing. In past surveys, new possibilities for improvement to be addressed emerged, making the team aware of the need to continue the process of continuous improvement