Efecto del Cloruro de Sodio en el desarrollo in vitro de los cultivares ‘Gran enano’ y ‘FHIA 03’

The effect of Sodium Chloride levels on in vitro development of “Gran Enano” (AAA) and `FHIA 03`(AABB) cultivars was determined. Researches were carried out at “Instituto de Investigaciones en Viandas Tropicales (INIVIT)” from 1999 to 2001. Meristems (3 mm) were situated in M – 3 medium supplented with different sodium chloride concentrations at a range of 0 – 10 000 ppm. They were incubated during 40 days in cach subculture until 80 days when they were evaluated at 25 ± 27°C temperature, DFFF 45 µmol m -2 s -1 light intensity a photoperiod of 16 hours per day and 85% relative humidity. Tolerance levels to sodium chloride are highly influenced by genotypes used. “Gran Enano” cultivar had success up to 4 500 ppm with a surviving of 96.7% and 25% damaged leaves. “FHIA 03” Hybrid showed tolerance to high salt levels from 2 500 to 8 000 ppm with 80.9% surviving but leaves were affected at 72.5%. Studies are recommended to continue with target genotypes including main marketable clones and diploids for genetic improvement.Key words: bananas, micropropagation, Musa, tissue culture.Se determinó el efecto de niveles de Cloruro de Sodio en el desarrollo in vitro de los cultivares ‘Gran Enano’ (AAA) y ‘FHIA 03’ (AABB). El trabajo se desarrolló en el Instituto de Investigaciones en Viandas Tropicales (INIVIT), durante los años 1998 - 2001. Se colocaron meristemos de3 milímetros en el medio de cultivo M - 3, al que se le adicionaron diferentes concentraciones de Cloruro de Sodio (NaCl) en un rango de 0 - 10 000 ppm. Se incubaron durante 40 días en cada subcultivo hasta los 80 días en que se evaluó finalmente, a una temperatura de 25 ± 27 °C, DFFF 45 µmol m -2 s -1 de intensidad luminosa, con un fotoperíodo de 16 horas al día y una humedad relativa del 85%. Los resultados mostraron que el grado de tolerancia al Cloruro de Sodio estaba muy influenciado por los genotipos utilizados. El cultivar ‘Gran Enano’ soportó con éxito hasta 4 500 ppm, con un porcentaje de explantes vivos del 96.7% y un 25% de afectación en hojas. El cultivar ‘FHIA 03’ presentó mayor tolerancia a niveles altos de sales, de 2 500 hasta 8 000 ppm obteniendo un porcentaje de supervivencia del 80.9%, aunque la afectación en las hojas fue de 72.5%. Se recomienda continuar estudios con genotipos puntuales que incluya a los principales clones comerciales y diploides para el mejoramiento genético.Palabras clave: bananos, cultivo de tejidos, micropropagación, Musa

Efect of sodium chloride on in vitro growth of Grande naine and FHIA 03 cultivars

The effect of Sodium Chloride levels on in vitro development of “Gran Enano” (AAA) and `FHIA 03`(AABB) cultivars was determined. Researches were carried out at “Instituto de Investigaciones en Viandas Tropicales (INIVIT)” from 1999 to 2001. Meristems (3 mm) were situated in M – 3 medium supplented with different sodium chloride concentrations at a range of 0 – 10 000 ppm. They were incubated during 40 days in cach subculture until 80 days when they were evaluated at 25 ± 27°C temperature, DFFF 45 µmol m -2 s -1 light intensity a photoperiod of 16 hours per day and 85% relative humidity. Tolerance levels to sodium chloride are highly influenced by genotypes used. “Gran Enano” cultivar had success up to 4 500 ppm with a surviving of 96.7% and 25% damaged leaves. “FHIA 03” Hybrid showed tolerance to high salt levels from 2 500 to 8 000 ppm with 80.9% surviving but leaves were affected at 72.5%. Studies are recommended to continue with target genotypes including main marketable clones and diploids for genetic improvement. Key words: bananas, micropropagation, Musa, tissue culture