Allergic Rhinitis and Adenoidal Hypertrophy

Background: Allergic rhinits is a type of inflammation in the nose which occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens in the air. The underlying mechanism involves IgE antibodies that attach to an allergen, and subsequently result in the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine from mast cells. It is triggered by environmental allergens such as pollen, pet, hair, dust or mold. Inherited genetics and environmental exposures contribute to the development of allergies. Signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis are runny or stuffy nose and it can affect sleep and normal daily functions. Adenoidal hypertrphy is the unusual growth of the adenoid (pharyngeal tonsil) that causes an obstruction of the nasal airways. Adenoids start to get sizable during the first year of life and reach maximal volume in the age group of 5-6 years. Just how big the adenoids become is quite variable among individual children. Objective: To determine the relationship between adenoid hypertrophy and allergic rhinits in children. Methods: Retrospective study of clinical studies for adenoid hypertrophy in children with allergic rhinitis. Results: Some authors found that patients with allergic rhinitis have larger adenoidal tissue, but most of them found a reverse clinical picture with possible interpretation that severe anterior nasal obstruction, mainly caused by allergy, affects the passage of allergens able to stimulate adenoid tissue to enlarge. Infections may also play a more important role in the absence of allergy. Conclusion: In children with allergic rhinitis, we should not only look for adenoidal hypertrophi. ENT doctor must pay attention to the anterior nasal obstruction by inferior turbinate hypertrophy

Harmonic Scalpel Surgical Treatment of the Tongue Angioleomyoma – Case Report and Review of the Literature

Angioleiomyoma is benign soft tissue tumor composed of smooth muscle cells and vascular endothelium, characterized with slow growth, unspecific symptoms and rare malignant transformation. It is very rare in the head and neck region and complete surgical excision is the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment. We present a very rare case of angoleomyoma of the tounge base treated with partial glosectomy with harmonic scalpel which shortened surgical procedure, reduced bleeding and postoperative complications

Smjernice za epistaksu

Epistaksa je čest problem koji se javlja kod, do 60% opće populacije. Iako je većina epizoda benigna, epistaksu je povremeno teško kontrolirati. Podaci iz studija pokazuju da samo 10% njih, ili manje, zatraži medicinsku pomoć. Epidemiološkom analizom brojnih studija primijećeno je da se epistaksa javlja najčešće kod djece ili kod starijih pojedinaca, s nešto većom prevalencijom u muškaraca. Uzroci epistakse mogu biti lokalni ili sistemski, te se, ovisno o tome, pristupa liječenju. Liječenje epistakse temelji se na lokalnom zaustavljanju krvarenja, te je stoga poznavanje osnovne anatomije nosa i nazofarinksa, te nekoliko hemostatskih strategija nužno u tretiranju akutnog krvarenja

Metastaza mikrocelularnog karcinoma pluća u grkljan - prikaz slučaja

Sekundarne novotvorine grkljana su rijetke i čine 0,09-0,4% svih tumora grkljana. U grkljan najčešće metastaziraju kožni melanomi, a potom slijede karcinomi bubrežnih stanica, te karcinomi dojke i pluća. Karcinom pluća najčešći je oblik maligniteta kod muškaraca, treći po redu kod žena, te ujedno najčešći uzrok smrti od malignih bolesti. Histološki razlikujemo dva glavna tipa: mikrocelularni karcinom („small cell lung carcinoma - SCLC) koji čini 15% slučajeva i karcinom pluća ne–malih stanica (non-small cell lung cancer - NSCLC) koji čini 85% slučajeva. Karcinom pluća ima tendenciju vrlo ranog metastaziranja i to najčešće u jetru, mozak, kosti i nadbubrežnu žlijezdu. Pojava metastaza mikrocelularnog karcinoma pluća u grkljan iznimno je rijedak entitet s tek nekoliko opisanih slučajeva u literaturi. Metastaze u grkljanu najčešće se manifestiraju promuklošću, otežanim gutanjem i opstrukcijom dišnih putova. Autori predstavljaju slučaj 68-godišnjeg bolesnika obrađivanog zbog otežanog gutanja s dokazanom metastazom mikrocelularnog karcinoma pluća u grkljan. Dijagnoza je potvrđena patohistološkom analizom

The synthesis, structure and catalytic properties of the [Mo 7 O 24 (μ-Mo 8 O 26 )Mo 7 O 24 ] 16− anion formed via two intermediate heptamolybdates [Co(en) 3 ] 2 [NaMo 7 O 24 ]Cl· n H 2 O and (H 3 O)[Co(en) 3 ] 2 [Mo 7 O 24 ]Cl·9H 2 O

International audienceAgeing a mixture of sodium molybdate, malonic acid, and tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(iii) chloride using different synthetic routes, namely, solution-based methods at room temperature or 110 degrees C, and a mechanochemically accelerated vapour-assisted method, yielded the polyoxomolybdate [Co(en)3]5Na[Mo7O24(mu-Mo8O26)Mo7O24].nH2O (1). The new polyoxomolybdate anion 1 comprised three fragments, namely, two {Mo7O24} units bridged by a {Mo8O26} unit, which were interconnected by the terminal oxygen atoms of MoO6 octahedra and represent a unique structural motif not yet described in the structurally versatile chemistry of polyoxomolybdates (POMos). The ageing reaction was found to occur via a series of intermediates, two of which were isolated and identified as the heptamolybdate coordination polymer [Co(en)3]2[NaMo7O24]Cl.nH2O (2), comprising {Mo7O24} units bridged by a sodium atom, and the heptamolybdate (H3O)[Co(en)3]2[Mo7O24]Cl.9H2O (3). An identical reaction procedure with [Co(C2O4)(en)2]+ instead of [Co(en)3]3+ yielded the orthomolybdate [Co(C2O4)(en)2]2[MoO4].9H2O (4) and the hydrogen malonate [Co(C2O4)(en)2]C3O4H3 (5). The new polyoxomolybdate [Co(en)3]5Na[Mo7O24(mu-Mo8O26)Mo7O24].nH2O was also examined as a catalyst for the epoxidation of cyclooctene, and was superior to both heptamolybdate and octamolybdate catalysts over 24 h. The heptamolybdate [Co(NH3)6]2[Mo7O24].8H2O (6) was isolated as the only reaction product of sodium molybdate and hexaamminecobalt(iii) nitrate in the presence of malonic acid using solution-based methods