Sieving parton distribution function moments via the moment problem

Reconstructing parton distribution function (PDF) from the corresponding Mellin moments belongs to a classical mathematical problem: the moment problem, which has been overlooked for years in the contemporary hadron community. We propose the strategy to sieve the moments leveraging PDF properties such as continuity, unimodality, and symmetry. Through an error-inclusive sifting process, we refine three sets of lattice QCD PDF moments. This refinement significantly reduces the errors, particularly for higher order moments, and locates the peak of PDF simultaneously. As our method is universally applicable to PDF moments from any methodology, we strongly advocate its integration into all PDF moment calculations.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure

Correlation, Breit and Quantum Electrodynamics effects on energy level and transition properties of W54+^{54+} ion

The electron correlation effects and Breit interaction as well as Quantum Electro-Dynamics (QED) effects were expected to have important contribution to the energy level and transition properties of heavy highly charged ions. The ground states [Ne]$3s^{2}3p^{6}3d^{2}$ and first excited states [Ne]3s$^{2}3p^{5}3d^{3}$ of W$^{54+}$ ion have been studied by using Multi-Configuration Dirac-Fock method with the implementation of Grasp2K package. A restricted active space was employed to investigate the correlation contribution from different models. The Breit interaction and QED effects were taken into account in the relativistic configuration interaction calculation with the converged wavefunction. It is found that the correlation contribution from 3s and 3p orbital have important contribution to the energy level, transition wavelength and probability of the ground and the first excited state of W$^{54+}$ ion

Inhibition of lactose crystallisation in the presence of galacto-oligosaccharide

peer-reviewedThe stabilization of lactose in the form of amorphous (i.e. non-crystalline form) is the basic requirement to maintain the quality of relevant food and pharmaceutical products. The physiochemical properties of amorphous lactose mixed with galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) were investigated. Water sorption, glass transition temperature, and crystallisation behaviour of lactose in the present of GOS (1:1 w/w) were measured at various water activity (0.11–0.75 aw, 25 °C) and lactose mutarotation was also evaluated. All of them were compared with the physiochemical properties of trehalose-lactose (1:1 w/w). The addition of GOS to lactose increased the hygroscopicity of the mixture, as well as slightly increased the glass transition temperature compared to lactose alone. The critical water activity (at 0.68 aw) of lactose crystallisation was increased by the addition of GOS as compared to that of trehalose-lactose (1:1 w/w) (at 0.58 aw) or lactose alone (at 0.44 aw). The dramatical inhibition of lactose crystallisation with a lower crystallisation kinetic constant and the alternation of lactose crystal forms in the presence of GOS was observed as compared to the crystallisation behaviour of trehalose-lactose (1:1 w/w) and pure lactose at 0.68 and 0.75 aw, 25 °C. Without affecting its Tg, the significantly delayed crystallisation of lactose in GOS-lactose mixture (1:1 w/w) was more likely due to the change of lactose mutarotation. As comparing to trehalose that is an effective inhibitor, GOS has a stronger ability to prevent lactose from crystallisation in hydrous matrices

Transmission of sodium chloride in PDMS membrane during Pervaporation based on polymer relaxation

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite membrane is used for treating pharmaceutical wastewater containing NaCl and solvent. In this study, the influence of feed concentrations of NaCl and isobutanol, process temperature and membrane microstructures on salt rejection are evaluated. Microstructures of PDMS membrane before and after separation are characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Positron annihilation life-time spectroscopy (PALS). The PV results show that NaCl will not spontaneously enter PDMS membrane without isobutanol. However, while NaCl feed concentration is 13 wt%, salt rejection of PDMS membrane drops from 100% to 99.09% with increasing feed concentration of isobutanol (up to 7 wt%). On the contrary, a higher temperature increases salt rejection of PDMS membrane and NaCl permeation through PDMS membrane is not through a vapor permeate process. Due to the relaxation of PDMS polymer chain, when PDMS cross-linking ratio is 0.1, the salt rejection increases from 99.87% to 100% with its thickness increasing from 10 ?m to 17.5 ?m. While the cross-linking ratio rises to 0.2, the salt rejection is 100% with the PDMS layer thickness of 10 ?m. The relationship between relaxation of polymer chains and transport of NaCl in PDMS membrane is an excellent guidance and will be beneficial for the treatment of saline organic wastewater