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Not AvailableThe 120 countries have committed to set the UNCCD sustainable development goal on achieving the land degradation neutrality by 2030 including India. The target has to be accomplished in a synergistic and cost-effective manner in accordance with countries’ specific national contexts and development priorities. Globally, the ravine landscapes are considered among the world’s most degraded ecosystems. Therefore, restoring ravines is considered a high priority item in the natural resource management programs. The vegetation cover augmented with appropriate conservation measures is the most sought restoration strategy. The engineering measures are prerequisite for slope stabilization and sustainable productive utilization in ravine ecosystem. The several methods for slope stabilization are available but only few are applied in ravine land. Therefore, in this chapter, we have covered only those slope stabilization techniques which were successfully applied for the restoration of ravine landNot Availabl

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Not AvailableA field experiment was conducted to investigate the soil microbial growth and enzymatic activity of TreatedDistillery Effluent (TDE) and Bio-compost (BC) applied in Vertisols having clay loam texture grown with Maize crop (Zea mays). Under split plot design with five main and sub plots with addition of organics viz., No organics; application of TDE @ 0.5 lakh litres ha-1 ; TDE @ 1.0 lakh litres ha-1 ; BC@ 5 t ha and FYM @ 12.5 t ha + biofertilizers. subplot treatments viz., addition of inorganic fertilizers at different levels of recommended dose of NP fertilizers (0 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %) compared with 100% recommended dose of NPK @ 150 : 75: 75 of kg N, P2 ,O5 and K2O ha-1 . Application of TDE 1.0 lakh litres ha resulted higher bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes population over control at all stages. The soil enzyme activities as phosphatase, dehydrogenase andurease recorded the highest values with the application of TDE @ 1.0 lakh litres ha-1 over control. The soilmicrobial population and enzyme activities increased with the application of TDE over control. Soil microbialactivity had a direct impact on the plant nutrient availability as well as other favorable properties associated with soil productivity.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA field experiment was conducted to investigate the soil microbial growth and enzymatic activity of Treated Distillery Effluent (TDE) and Bio-compost (BC) applied in sandy loam soils grown with Maize crop (Zea mays). Under split plot design with five main plots with addition of organics viz., No organics; application of TDE @ 0.5 lakh litres ha-1; TDE @ 1.0 lakh litres ha-1; Bio compost @ 5 t ha-1 and FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1 + biofertilizers. In addition, five subplot treatments viz., addition of inorganic fertilizers at different levels of recommended dose of NP fertilizers (0 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %) compared with 100 per cent recommended dose of NPK @ 150 :75: 75 of kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1. Application of TDE 1.0 lakh litres ha-1 resulted higher bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes population over control at all stages of crop growth. Indeed, the soil bacterial population recorded the highest value of 20.1 and 19.3 x106 CFU g-1 of soil with the application of TDE @ 1.0 lakh litres ha-1 compared to control at post-harvest stage. There was an increase in the soil fungal population to the tune of 30.3 per cent over control at post-harvest stage. Furthermore, application of TDE @ 1.0 lakh litres ha-1 recorded the highest soil actinomycetes population at all stages of crop growth. The soil enzyme activities as phosphatase, dehydrogenase and urease recorded the highest values of 12.8 μg p-nitrophenol g-1 soil hr-1; 2.96 μg TPF g-1 soil hr-1 and 5.16 μg NH4-N g-1 soil hr-1 respectively with the application of TDE @ 1.0 lakh litres ha-1. The soil microbial population and enzyme activities increased with the application of distillery effluent over control. Hence, it was observed that, Soil microbial activity had a direct impact on the plant nutrient availability as well as other favorable properties associated with soil productivityNot Availabl

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Not AvailableA field experiment was conducted to investigate the soil microbial growth and enzymatic activity of Treated Distillery Effluent (TDE) and Bio-compost (BC) applied in sandy loam soils grown with Maize crop (Zeamays). Under split plot design with five main plots with addition of organics viz., No organics; application of TDE @ 0.5 lakh litres ha-1TDE @ 1.0 lakh litres ha; Bio compost @ 5 t ha-1 and FYM @ 12.5 t ha +biofertilizers. In addition, five subplot treatments viz., addition of inorganic fertilizers atdifferent levels of recommended dose of NP fertilizers (0 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %) compared with 100 per cent recommended dose of NPK @ 150 :75: 75 of kg N, P andK2O ha-1. Application of TDE 1.0 lakh litres ha-1 resulted higher bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes population over control at all stages of crop growth. Indeed, the soil bacterial population recorded the highest value of 20.1 and 19.3 x106 of soilwith the application of TDE @ 1.0 lakh litres ha-1 compared to control at post-harvest stage. There was an increase in the soil fungal population to the tune of 30.3 per cent over control at post-harvest stage. Furthermore, application of TDE @ 1.0 lakh litres ha-1 recorded the highest soil actinomycetes population at all stages of crop growth. The soil enzyme activities as phosphatase, dehydrogenase and urease recorded the highest values of12.8 µg p-nitrophenol g-1 soil hr-1; 2.96 µg TPF g-1 soil hr -1 and 5.16 µg NH4-N g -1 respectively with the application of TDE @ 1.0 lakh litres ha -1 . The soil microbial population and enzyme activities increased with the application of distillery effluent over control. Hence, it was observed that, Soil microbial activity had a direct impact on the plant nutrient availability as well as other favorable properties associated with soil productivity.Not Availabl