قاهرة محفوظ وإسطنبول پاموك: مدينتان في قلب التقلّبات التاريخية والثقافية / Mahfouz’s Cairo and Pamuk’s Istanbul: The City and Historical and Cultural Upheavals

[تهدف هذة المقالة إلى تحليل صورة المدينة في أعمال نجيب محفوظ وأورهان پاموك، من خلال روايات منشورة في مراحل مختلفة من مسيرتهما الأدبية، من ثلاثية ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻅ (١٩٥٦ـ١٩٥٧) إلى يوم قتل الزعيم (١٩٨٥) ومن رواية پاموك الأولى، الشبيهة بالثلاثية، جودت بيك وأبناؤه (١٩٨٢) إلى إسطنبول، الذكريات والمدينة (٢٠٠٣). يركّز التحليل على صورة الفضاء المديني بوصفه ساحة صراع بين القديم والجديد، وعلى تلك الصورة في علاقتها بمشروع إعادة التأريخ الخاص بكل من الكاتبين. كما تقوم المقالة بربط هذا التحليل بموقع الكاتبين في الحقل الأدبي . This article examines the representation of Cairo and Istanbul in the works of Naguib Mahfouz and Orhan Pamuk, through novels published at different moments of their careers, from Mahfouz\u27s Trilogy (1956-1957) to The Day the Leader was Killed (1985), and from Pamuk\u27s first novel, similar to a trilogy, Cevdet Bey and His Sons (1982) to Istanbul, Memories and the City (2003). The article argues that urban space is represented in these narratives as the locus of a conflict between the old and the new, and insists on the link between this representation and each writer\u27s project for rewriting history. The analysis is also linked with both writers\u27 position in the literary field.

كتابة الجزائر المعاصرة بين الأدب والصحافة / Writing Contemporary Algeria between Literature and Journalism

[This article deals with writings by a generation of Algerian novelists working as journalists who were born in the late 1960s/early 1970s. It focuses on a novel by Kamel Daoud, Meursault contre-enquête (2013), that became famous after being short-listed for the Goncourt prize in 2014. The author analyzes the continuity between literary and journalistic writings by Daoud, as well as his writing\u27s intertextuality with Albert Camus\u27s novel L\u27étranger. The article demonstrates how the narrative functions as a dark depiction of contemporary Algeria, thus adding to its aesthetic value a documentary one. تسلّط هذه المقالة الضوء على جيل من الروائيين الجزائريين ولد في نهاية ﺍلستينيات وبداية السبعينيات ، وامتهن الصحافة وعبّر في أعماله ، سواء باللغة العربية أو بالفرنسية ، عن اهتمامات متشابهة بتطورات الوا قع الجزائري . يركّز التحليل على رواية معارضة الغريب لكامل داود المترجمة عن الفرنسية ، والصادرة في ٢٠١٣، والتي اشتهرت بعد إدراجها على قائمة جائزة جنكور القصيرة سنة ٢٠١٤ . تبرز المقالة أوجه الاستمرارية العديدة بين الرواية ونصوص صحفية للكاتب ، منها علاقة التناصّ مع رواية الكاتب الفرنسي ألبير كامو ، الغريب . كما ترى المقالة أنّ هذا ا لنصّ الأدبي يسهم في وصف الحاضر الجزائري القاتم ، مضيفاً إلى قيمة النص الجمالية قيمة توثيقية .

L'évolution des représentations de la ville du Caire dans la littérature égyptienne moderne et contemporaine

Nous avons analysé la représentation du Caire dans six romans et nouvelles égyptiens: Zukâk al-Midakk, L'Impasse du Mortier de Naguib Mahfouz (1947), al-Naddâha, La Sirène, de Yûsif Idrîs (1969), Åsâfîr al-Nîl, Les oiseaux du Nil d'Ibrâhîm Aslân (1999), Lusûs Mutakâidûn, Voleurs à la retraite, de Hamdî Abu Gulayl (2002), Hilyûbûlîs, Héliopolis, de Mayy al-Talmîsanî (2000) et Kanûn al-Wirâtha, La loi de l'hérédité, de Yâsir Åbd al-Latîf (2002). Alors que la représentation de la ville dans les deux premières œuvres se définit par la mise en antagonisme de deux univers, ville ancienne et moderne pour Zukâk al-Midakk, univers rural et urbain pour al-Naddâha (Première Partie: L'Ilinx de la ville ou la poétique des antagonismes), elle évolue dans les œuvres postérieures. Ainsi les espaces à forte immigration rurale dans la ville sont représentés de manière différente dans Åsâfîr al-Nîl et Lusûs Mutakâidûn (Deuxième partie: la ruralisation de la ville). Alors qu'il y a une certaine symbiose entre univers rural et urbain dans Åsâfîr al-Nîl, ce n'est pas le cas dans Lusûs Mutakâidûn, où la banlieue habitée par des immigrés d'origine rurale est représentée comme un ghetto. Dans les dernières œuvres analysées, il ne s'agit plus de deux univers en opposition (Troisième partie: le repli sur la banlieue refuge). Dans Hilyûbûlîs il y a un effritement de l'espace et dans Kânûn al-Wirâtha, une multitude de contradictions. Les différences entre ces représentations peuvent être expliquées à la fois par l'évolution urbaine de la ville du Caire (introduction) et la place de chaque écrivain dans le champ littéraire égyptien.We analyzed the representation of Cairo in six Egyptian novels and short stories: Zukâk al-Midakk, Midakk Alley by Naguib Mahfouz (1947), al-Naddâha, The sirene, by Yusif Idris (1969), Åsâfîr al-Nîl, The Nile birds by Ibrâhîm Aslân (1999), Lusûs Mutakâidûn, Retired Thieves by Hamdî Abû Gulayl (2002), Hilyûbûlîs, Heliopolis, by Mayy al-Talmisânî (2000) and Kanûn al-Wirâtha, Heredity Law, by Yâsir Åbd al-Latîf (2002). The representation of the city in the two first works is defined by antagonism between two universes, ancient and modern city in Zukâk al-Midakk, and rural and urban universe in al-Naddâha (Part 1: the city's Ilinx or the poetics of antagonism). The later works, however, move beyond this antagonism. Spaces of rural immigration are represented differently in Åsâfîr al-Nîl and Lusûs Mutakâidûn (Part 2: the ruralisation of the city). While there is a certain symbiosis between rural and urban in Åsâfîr al-Nîl, the suburb inhabited by immigrants of rural origin is represented as a ghetto in Lusûs Mutakâidûn. In the last works analyzed (Part 3: the close-up on the suburb as a refuge), there are no longer two universes in opposition. In Hilyûbûlîs, the narrator concentrates on one single space, while in Kânûn al-Wirâtha, focus is made on the multiple contradictions. The differences between all these representations can be explained by Cairo's urban evolution (that we present in the introduction) and the place of each writer in the Egyptian literary field.PARIS3-BU (751052102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Spectroscopic Methods for Analysis of Nano Drug Distribution System

The size of the objects that are constituted within an alleged nano metric measurement of 1 to 100 nm is generally the main feature of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The system of unharness may be an essential method of acknowledging contained drug delivery systems in the formation of nano drug. Nanoparticles may surpass the crucial troubles of traditional little molecules / biomacromolecules, such as protein, ribonucleic acid, and DNA, utilized in several diseases through permitting objective delivery and surpassing biological obstacles. Many spectroscopical analytical techniques have been applied to define the free drug component from the nano drug formation, in various substantial cases, during various duration. One of them is analytical chemistry concerning the development of new techniques to develop old ones and supply the requirements of chemical information constrained by modern issues. Analytical chemistry is greatly affected by the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The aim of this review is to present a comparison of different spectroscopic analytical techniques which are presently applied to various systems of nano drug delivery to present elaborate and helpful data for other researchers