Farmakokinetika enrofloksacina u pataka s masnom degeneracijom jetre nakon prisilnog hranjenja

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (EFC) was investigated in ducks fed with a normal diet, and in force-fed ducks, after a single intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration at doses of 10 mg/kg. Serum concentrations of EFC and ciprofloxacin (as metabolite of EFC) were determined by the HPLC method. The elimination half-lives of EFC after i.v. administration and compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis were 4.62 ± 0.62h and 6.39 ± 2.78 h in healthy and force-fed ducks, respectively. The values of total body clearance were 0.24 ± 0.03 L/h/kg in healthy and 0.18 ± 0.02 L/h/kg in force-fed ducks. The values of the volume of distribution (Vss) were 1.32 ± 0.18 L/kg and 1.31 ± 0.21 L/kg, respectively. After oral administration, maximum serum concentrations were 1.95 ± 0.36 µg/mL reached at 3.67 ± 4.26 h, and 4.25 ± 1.21 µg/mL at 1.25 ± 0.88 h, respectively. The serum concentrations of ciprofloxacin were significantly lower in the force-fed ducks. Longer enrofloxacin residence in force-fed ducks can be expected if compared to normally fed animals.Farmakokinetika enrofloksacina (EFC) primijenjenog intravenski i oralno u dozi od 10 mg/kg istražena je u normalno i prisilno hranjenih pataka. Serumske koncentracije EFC i ciprofloksacina (kao metabolita EFC) bile su određene visokotlačnom tekućinskom kromatografijom. Poluvrijeme izlučivanja EFC nakon i.v. primjene i farmakokinetičke analize po odjeljcima iznosilo je 4,62 ± 0,62 h u zdravih, a 6,39 ± 2,78 h u prisilno hranjenih. Vrijednosti ukupnog klirensa lijeka iz organizma bile su 0,24 ± 0,03 L/h/kg u zdravih i 0,18 ± 0,02 L/h/kg u prisilno hranjenih (šopanih). Vrijednosti volumena raspodjele (Vss) bile su 1,32 ± 0,18 L/kg i1,31 ± 0,21 L/kg. Najveće serumske koncentracije nakon oralne primjene bile su dosegnute nakon 3,67 ± 4,26 h, a iznosile su 1,95 ± 0,36 µg/mL, dok su nakon intravenske primjene bile dosegnute nakon 1,25 ± 0,88 h, a iznosile su 4,25 ± 1,21 µg/mL. Serumske koncentracije ciprofloksacina bile su značajno niže u prisilno hranjenih pataka. Duže zadržavanje enrofloksacina može se očekivati u prisilno hranjenih pataka u odnosu na one normalno hranjen

BONE RESORPTION MARKER BETA-CROSSLAPS FOR EARLY MONITORING OF OSTEOPOROSIS TREATMENT WITH DENOSUMAB

Antiresorptive long-term treatment for osteoporosis increases bone mineral density. Due to the long duration, poor compliance of patients to medication therapy is a big challenge. Bone mineral density measurements are recommended for the monitoring of treatment, but detectable changes may take up to 2-3 years. Bone turnover markers can indicate changes in bone turnover rates earlier, and assessment their levels may be effective in enhancing compliance and clinical efficacy. Purpose: Our study aimed to assess whether the dynamics in serum levels of bone resorption marker beta-CrossLaps have a real practical benefit for early monitoring of postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment. Materials and methods: 21 Bulgarian women in menopause with newly diagnosed osteoporosis were studied. All participants hadn’t been under treatment. Serum beta-CrossLaps levels were measured before and six months after subcutaneous administration of Denosumab – Injection 60 mg. Results: Serum concentrations before and six months after starting treatment were respectively 0.589 ± 0.266 ng/ml (0.06 – 1.2) and 0.166 ± 0.139 ng/ml (0.05 – 0.59). The beta-CrossLaps pre-treatment serum levels were within the reference range for the commercial kit used. After six months of treatment, there was a significant decrease in serum concentrations of about 72% from baseline. In our study, although pre-treatment levels were within the reference range, a significant decrease in concentrations was observed. Conclusions: The results show that the dynamics of beta-CrossLaps may be useful in the early monitoring of osteoporosis treatment

Applanation Arterial Tonometry Assesment Of Arterial Stiffness

Applanation arterial tonometry is a modern non-invasive method that allows indirect measure-ment of the intraaortic pressure in different phases of the cardiac cycle and the calculation of different arte-rial stiffness indicators using the data of the reflect-ed pulse wave. Systolic, diastolic, and pulse intraaortic pressure (used for optimal control in the treatment of hypertension), augmentation pressure (assessing arte-rial stiffnes), and subendocardial viability (an indica-tor of the blood supply to the heart muscle) can be mea-sured by brachial artery aplanning. Pulse wave veloc-ity is measured by brachial and femoral artery aplan-ning. Because changes in arterial stiffness precede the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, the method is relevant for determining cardiovascular risk and for monitoring patients with hypertension and persons with risk factors for atherosclerosis

Learning Object Metadata Workflows for Description, Findability and Reusability Improvement

With the increase of online education, a good description of learning resources has become vital for educational resource sharing and reuse. Resource description has been under the spotlight in recent years. Educational platforms can benefit from good resource organisation and description, thereby providing a higher quality of services and attracting more learners to use their systems. Furthermore, well-described resources with metadata, promote content sharing and re-use. This work starts with an extensive literature research on metadata generation techniques and breaks the findings down to metadata types. A detailed taxonomy of metadata types, based on this research, is provided. The taxonomy takes into account properties common to these types. Second, this work analyzes the state-of-the-art metadata collection techniques in literature and real-world educational content repositories including a showcase with the TUDelft library, in order to estimate the gap of metadata employment in the field of education. Following the results of this research and based on the observation that similar steps are often performed together, a set of easy-to-follow and generic enough design patters for generating metadata was identified. These design patterns aim at assisting content authors or data professionals with filling in metadata and thereafter, allowing for feature development or improvement in the respective platforms. The patterns for metadata extraction are based on the identified taxonomy of metadata. Finally, semantic metadata is extracted as proof of concept for two of the proposed patterns. A satisfactory to a high-quality result was achieved, showing that the patterns are intuitive and the data extracted with them, can be potentially used to describe the respective Educational Resource (ER) by adding the extracted information to its metadata.Computer Science | Web Information System

Selektivnost nekih herbicida prema pirevini (Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schultes) tokom zasnivanja useva i produkcije semena

A study was conducted in the experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops – Pleven on a slightly leached chernozem soil in 2011-2012 to determine the selectivity of some herbicides to standard wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schultes) during stand establishment and its seed production. The study had the following results: the herbicides Kambio SL (320 g/l bentazone + 90 g/l dicamba) – 1250 ml/ha; Kalam (125 g/l tritosulfuron + 600 g/kg dicamba) – 200 g/ha; Lintur 70 WG (4.1% triasulfuron + 65.9% dicamba) – 150 g/ha, and Axial 050ЕK (50 g/l pinoxaden) – 600 ml/ha showed high selectivity to standard wheatgrass when applied at the stage of 3-4 leaves during the year of stand establishment; the herbicides Imaspro (69 g/l fenoxaprop-P-ethyl+antidote) and Stelar (50 g/l topramezone + 160 g/l dicamba), each applied at the rate of 1000 ml/ha, caused phytotoxicity (scores from 4 to 6), while Termidor (40 g/l nicosulfuron) – 1250 ml/ha completely destroyed the crop (score 9); the herbicides Kambio SL; Kalam; Lintur 70WG and Axial 050ЕK applied at the same doses at the stage from spring growth to the beginning of shooting up in the seed production year had a high selectivity to standard wheatgrass and could be applied in seed production stands without negative influence on seed productivity. The herbicide Termidor was very phytotoxic (scores from 3 to 7) and prevented the formation of generative stems.U Institutu za krmno bilje Pleven sprovedeno je istraživanje na blago izluženom tipu zemljišta tokom 2011-2012. godine kako bi se utvrdila selektivnost nekih herbicida prema pirevini (Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schultes) tokom perioda zasnivanja useva i produkcije semena. Zabeleženi su sledeći rezultati: herbicidi Kambio SL (320 g/l bentazon + 90 g/l dikamba) – 1250 ml/ha; Kalam (125 g/l tritosulfuron + 600 g/kg dikamba) – 200 g/ha; Lintur 70 WG (4.1% triasulfuron + 65.9% dikamba) – 150 g/ha i Axial 050ЕK (50 g/l pinoksaden) – 600 ml/ha su pokazali visoku selektivnost prema pirevini u fazi 3-4 lista tokom godine zasnivanja useva; herbicidi Imaspro (69 g/l fenoksaprop-P-etil+antidot) and Stelar (50 g/l topramezon + 160g/l dikamba) primenjeni u dozi 1000 ml/ha izazvali su fitotoksičnost (ocene od 4 do 6), dok je Termidor (40 g/l nikosulfuron) – 1250 ml/ha potpuno uništio usev (ocena 9); herbicidi Kambio SL, Kalam, Lintur 70WG i Axial 050ЕK primenjeni u istoj dozi u fazi od prolećnog nicanja do početka izbijanja izdanka u godini produkcije semena imali su visoku selektivnost prema pirevini, tako da se mogu primenjivati u zasadima za produkciju semena bez negativnog uticaja na produktivnost semena. Herbicid Termidor je pokazao veoma visoku fitotoksičnost (ocene od 3 do 7) i sprečio je formiranje generativnih izdanaka

Selectivity of Some Herbicides to Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Grown for Seed Production

During the period 2008-2010, on the experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops – Pleven, on slightly leached chernozem a study was conducted with the purpose to determine the selectivity of some herbicides to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and theirinfluence on the seed productivity. As a result of the study the following was found: herbicides for broadleaf weeds control – Arat (500 g/l dicamba + 250 g/l tritosulfuron) at rate of 100 ml/ha, Korida 75 VDG (750 g/kg tribenuron-methyl) – 15 g/ha and Cambio SL (320 g/l bentazone + 90 g/l dicamba) – 1250 ml/ha had high selectivity to perennial ryegrass, applied at 2-4 leaf stage during establishing year of the stand and until the stage of the beginning of shooting up in seed production year. Herbicide for grass weeds control: Topik 080EK (80 g/l clodinafop-prop-argyl + antidote) at rate of 300 ml/ha, applied at the same stage can be applied in seed production stands of perennial ryegrass. Herbicide for grass weeds control – Grasp 25SK (250 g/l tralkoxydim) + Atplus 463 at rate of 1000 + 1000 ml/ha showed phytotoxic effect on L. perenne and caused the reduction of seed and dry biomass productivity. Realization of the biological potential concerning seed and dry mass yield of perennial ryegrass demands application of selective herbicides Arat, Korida 75 VDG and Cambio SL in control of broadleaf weeds and Topik 080EK in control of grass weeds

Selectivity of Some Herbicides to Cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), Grown for Seed Production

The study was conducted to determine selectivity of some herbicides to cocksfoot(Dactylis glomerata L.), and their influence on the seed production, during the years 2008-2010. The trial was set on the experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops – Pleven, onslightly leached chernozem. As a result of the research the following was found: herbicidesArat (500 g/l dicamba + 250 g/l tritosulfuron) at the dose of 100 ml/ha, Korida 75 VDG (750g/kg tribenuron-methyl) – 15 g/ha and Cambio SL (320 g/l bentazon + 90 g/l dicamba) –1250 ml/ha and Grasp 25SK (250 g/l tralkoxyidim) + Atplus at rate of 1000 + 1000 ml/ha hadhigh selectivity to cocksfoot, applied at 2-4 leaf stage during establishing year of the stand,and until the stage of the beginning of shooting up in seed production year.Herbicide Topik 080EK (80 g/l clodinofop – propargyl + antidote) at rate of 300 ml/ha,showed phytotoxic effect to D. glomerata and caused the reduction of seed and dry biomassproductivity

Selektivnost nekih herbicida prema engleskom ljulju (Lolium perenne L.), gajenom za proizvodnju semena

During the period 2008-2010, on the experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops – Pleven, on slightly leached chernozem a study was conducted with the purpose to determine the selectivity of some herbicides to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and their influence on the seed productivity. As a result of the study the following was found: herbicides for broadleaf weeds control – Arat (500 g/l dicamba + 250 g/l tritosulfuron) at rate of 100 ml/ha, Korida 75 VDG (750 g/kg tribenuron-methyl) – 15 g/ha and Cambio SL (320 g/l bentazone + 90 g/l dicamba) – 1250 ml/ha had high selectivity to perennial ryegrass, applied at 2-4 leaf stage during establishing year of the stand and until the stage of the beginning of shooting up in seed production year. Herbicide for grass weeds control: Topik 080EK (80 g/l clodinafop-prop-argyl + antidote) at rate of 300 ml/ha, applied at the same stage can be applied in seed production stands of perennial ryegrass. Herbicide for grass weeds control – Grasp 25SK (250 g/l tralkoxydim) + Atplus 463 at rate of 1000 + 1000 ml/ ha showed phytotoxic effect on L. perenne and caused the reduction of seed and dry biomass productivity. Realization of the biological potential concerning seed and dry mass yield of perennial ryegrass demands application of selective herbicides Arat, Korida 75 VDG and Cambio SL in control of broadleaf weeds and Topik 080EK in control of grass weeds.Tokom 2008-2010, na eksperimentalnom polju Instituta za krmno bilje, Pleven, na slabo propusnom černozemu sprovedeno je istraživanje sa ciljem da se utvrdi selektivnost nekih herbicida prema engleskom ljulju (Lolium perenne L.) i njihov uticaj na prinos semena. Kao rezultat istraživanja dobijeno je sledeće: herbicidi za suzbijanje širokolisnih korova – Arat (500 g/l dicamba + 250 g/l tritosulfuron) u količini primene 100 ml/ha, Korida 75 VDG (750 g/kg tribenuron- methyl) – 15 g/ha i Cambio SL (320 g/l bentazone + 90 g/l dicamba) – 1250 ml/ha ispoljili su visoku selektivnost prema engleskom ljulju, kada su primenjeni u fazi 2-4 lista prilikom zasnivanja useva i u kasnijim godinama gajenja. Herbicid namenjen za suzbijanje travnih korova: Topik 080EK (80 g/l clodinafop-prop-argyl + antidote) u količini primene 300 ml/ha, kada se primeni u istoj fazi može da se koristi u engleskom ljulju za proizvodnju semena. Herbicid za suzbijanje travnih korova – Grasp 25SK (250 g/l tralkoxydim) + Atplus 463 u količini primene 1000 + 1000 ml/ha ispoljio je fitotoksičan efekat na L. perenne i prouzrokovao smanjenje prinosa semena i suve biomase. Realizacija biološkog potencijala u vezi sa prinosom semena i suve mase engleskog ljulja zahteva primenu selektivnih herbicida Arat, Korida 75 VDG i Cambio SL u suzbijanju širokolisnih korova i Topik 080EK u suzbijanju travnih korova