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Adolescent Predictors of Binge Drinking in Adulthood: The Association with Psychiatric Disorders in Emerging Adulthood

This study investigates harsh parenting, parental drunkenness, deviant peers, adolescent alcohol use, academic performance, and emotional distress as experienced in adolescence on criteria for behavioral, substance use, affective, or anxiety disorders by age 23. This study also sought to understand how psychiatric disorders were associated with later binge drinking in adulthood (n = 501). Data come from a prospective 28-year longitudinal study of rural Midwestern families. Predictors at Time 1 were assessed in adolescence (15, 16, and 18 years old). Lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders was assessed in emerging adulthood (age 23), and binge drinking was self-reported at Time 3 (ages 27, 29, and 31). Results obtained from structure equation modeling and logistic regression using Mplus version 8 indicated deviant peers and low grade point average increased the likelihood of having met criteria for a behavioral disorder by age 23, while deviant peers and adolescent alcohol use increased the likelihood of having met criteria for a substance use disorder. Deviant peers and emotional distress in adolescence increased the likelihood for an affective disorder, while only emotional distress increased the likelihood for an anxiety disorder. Substance use disorder was associated with later binge drinking at ages 27-31. This study offers unique insight into how family, peer, and individual risk factors influence specific psychiatric disorders by age 23. Multiple informants provide a more complex understanding of how these risk factors influence later psychiatric diagnoses, as well as how externalizing disorders are associated with later binge drinking in adulthood

Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida isolated from a human in Arizona

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Francisella tularensis </it>is the etiologic agent of tularemia and is classified as a select agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Currently four known subspecies of <it>F. tularensis </it>that differ in virulence and geographical distribution are recognized:<it>tularensis </it>(type A), <it>holarctica </it>(type B), <it>mediasiatica</it>, and <it>novicida</it>. Because of the Select Agent status and differences in virulence and geographical location, the molecular analysis of any clinical case of tularemia is of particular interest. We analyzed an unusual <it>Francisella </it>clinical isolate from a human infection in Arizona using multiple DNA-based approaches.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>We report that the isolate is <it>F. tularensis </it>subsp. <it>novicida</it>, a subspecies that is rarely isolated.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The rarity of this <it>novicida </it>subspecies in clinical settings makes each case study important for our understanding of its role in disease and its genetic relationship with other <it>F. tularensis </it>subspecies.</p

Decoding the Persistence and Engagement Patterns of Doctoral Students Who Finish

Doctoral attrition rates are alarmingly high, causing concern to university leaders and students alike. These constituents seek solutions to address the troubling phenomenon of doctoral students dropping out of their programs of study. This article discusses persistence patterns of doctoral students who finish. The authors matriculated in a hybrid Ph.D. cohort program consisting of a residency requirement, coupled with online coursework. Cohort engagement, collaboration, vertical teaming, academic productivity, and networking are among the strategies discussed as effective in persistence to program completion.https://openriver.winona.edu/educationeddfacultyworks/1010/thumbnail.jp

Health Professions Students\u27 Attitudes Toward Teamwork Before and After an Interprofessional Education Co-Curricular Experience

Background: Effective interprofessional collaboration may positively impact clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and cost effectiveness. However, educational silos and discipline-specific socialization have reinforced each health profession’s independent values, attitudes, and problem-solving approaches. Methods and Findings: Students’ (N = 376) attitudes about teamwork were measured with the Interprofessional Attitudes Scale, Teamwork, Roles, and Responsibilities subscale using a pretest-posttest design. Experiential learning strategies and a case study approach were used to introduce students to the roles and responsibilities of the students’ disciplines. There was a positive mean difference in pretest-posttest measures (p \u3c .001) with a moderate effect size (r = .27). Conclusions: Providing opportunities for pre-licensure health sciences students to understand the roles and responsibilities of other disciplines through IPE co-curricular learning can enhance positive attitudes toward teamwork

Controlled Multiple Growth Factor Delivery from Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds via Designed Affinity

It is known that angiogenesis plays an important role in bone regeneration and that release of angiogenic and osteogenic growth factors can enhance bone formation. Multiple growth factors play key roles in processes that lead to tissue formation/regeneration during natural tissue development and repair. Therefore, treatments aiming to mimic tissue regeneration can benefit from multiple growth factor release, and there remains a need for simple clinically relevant approaches for dual growth factor release. We hypothesized that mineral coatings could be used as a platform for controlled incorporation and release of multiple growth factors. Specifically, mineral-coated scaffolds were ?dip coated? in multiple growth factor solutions, and growth factor binding and release were dictated by the growth factor-mineral binding affinity. Beta tricalcium phosphate (?-TCP) scaffolds were fabricated using indirect solid-free form fabrication techniques and coated with a thin conformal mineral layer. Mineral-coated ?-TCP scaffolds were sequentially dipped in recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (rhVEGF) and a modular bone morphogenetic peptide, a mineral-binding version of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), solutions to allow for the incorporation of each growth factor. The dual release profile showed sustained release of both growth factors for over more than 60 days. Scaffolds releasing either rhVEGF alone or the combination of growth factors showed an increase in blood vessel ingrowth in a dose-dependent manner in a sheep intramuscular implantation model. This approach demonstrates a ?modular design? approach, in which a controllable biologics carrier is integrated into a structural scaffold as a thin surface coating.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140226/1/ten.tea.2013.0358.pd

Coronary arteriographic findings in black patients and risk markers for coronary artery disease

Coronary arteriographic results are reported in 1535 black patients: 751 men (mean age 57 +/- 11) and 784 women (mean age 59 +/- 11). Among the black men 19%, 15%, 21%, and 4% had single-, double-, and triple-vessel and left main disease, respectively. Among the black women there were 12%, 10%, 15%, and 3% with similar involvement. Logistic regression models showed that most of the recognized risk factors were positively correlated with significant (at least one artery with >/= 50% stenosis) coronary disease, but a history of hypertension was not a significant independent predictor in either sex. ECG evidence of previous infarction increased the odds of detecting significant coronary disease by the greatest amount when controlling for other significant risk markers in women. In men both previous infarction and atypical pain (negative) were equally important. This study confirms but does not explain previous reports that have revealed less than expected angiographic evidence of significant coronary artery disease in black compared with white persons

Distensibility of Small Pulmonary Blood Vessels 1

Although vasomotor activity in small pulmonary vessels has been studied extensively in the past, using the concept of resistance to flow, information on the distensibility of these vessels is very sparse. In Introduction The concept of resistance to flow has been extensively used in the past to study vasomotion in the pulmonary vascular bed of man and animals. These previous studies have provided useful information on the responses of the small pulmonary vessels (i.e., pulmonary &quot;resistance&quot; vessels) in various disease states and/or during administration of various drug

Gemini multi-conjugate adaptive optics system review II: Commissioning, operation and overall performance

The Gemini Multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics System - GeMS, a facility instrument mounted on the Gemini South telescope, delivers a uniform, near diffraction limited images at near infrared wavelengths (0.95 microns- 2.5 microns) over a field of view of 120 arc seconds. GeMS is the first sodium layer based multi laser guide star adaptive optics system used in astronomy. It uses five laser guide stars distributed on a 60 arc seconds square constellation to measure for atmospheric distortions and two deformable mirrors to compensate for it. In this paper, the second devoted to describe the GeMS project, we present the commissioning, overall performance and operational scheme of GeMS. Performance of each sub-system is derived from the commissioning results. The typical image quality, expressed in full with half maximum, Strehl ratios and variations over the field delivered by the system are then described. A discussion of the main contributor to performance limitation is carried-out. Finally, overheads and future system upgrades are described.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Realistic Distractions and Interruptions Impair Simulated Surgical Performance by Novice Surgeons

Hypothesis: Although the risks for operating room distractions and interruptions (ORDIs) are acknowledged, most research on this topic is unrealistic, inconclusive, or methodologically unsound. We hypothesized that realistic ORDIs induce errors in a simulated surgical procedure performed by novice surgeons. Design, Setting, and Participants: Eighteen second-year, third-year and research-year surgical residents completed a within-subjects experiment on a laparoscopic virtual reality simulator. Based on 9 months of operating room observations, 4 distractions and 2 interruptions were designed and timed to occur during critical stages in simulated laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The control factor was the absence or presence of ORDIs, with order randomly counterbalanced across the subjects. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measure was surgical errors measured by the simulator as damage to arteries, bile duct, or other organs. The second outcome measure was whether the participants remembered a prospective memory task assigned prior to the procedure and important to operative conduct. Results: Major surgical errors were committed in 8 of 18 simulated procedures (44%) with ORDIs versus only 1 of 18 (6%) without ORDIs (P = 0.02). Interrupting questions caused the most errors. Sidebar conversations were the next most likely distraction to lead to errors. Ten of 18 participants (56%) forgot the prospective memory task with ORDIs, while 4 of 18 (22%) forgot the task without ORDIs (P = 0.04). All 8 surgical errors with ORDIs occurred after 1 PM (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Typical ORDIs have the potential to cause operative errors in surgical trainees. This performance deficit was prevalent in the afternoon