3,656 research outputs found
A generalization of Schur's theorem and its application to consecutive power residues
This article provides a proof of a generalization of Schur's theorem on the
partition regularity of the equation x+y=z, which involves a divisibility
condition. This generalization will be utilized to prove the existence of
'small' consecutive power residues modulo p, where p is a sufficiently large
prime.Comment: 5 page
Privacy Implications of In-Network Aggregation Mechanisms for VANETs
Research on vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is active and ongoing. Proposed applications range from safety applications, and traffic efficiency applications to entertainment applications. Common to many applications is the need to disseminate possibly privacy-sensitive information, such as location and speed information, over larger distances. In-network aggregation is a promising technology that can help to make such privacy-sensitive information only available in the direct vicinity of vehicles instead of communicating it over larger areas. Further away, only aggregated information that is not privacy-relevant anymore will be known. At the same time, aggregation mechanisms help to cope with the limited available wireless bandwidth. However, the exact privacy properties of aggregation mechanisms have still not been thoroughly researched. In this paper, we propose a metric to measure privacy enhancements provided by in-network aggregation and use it to compare existing schemes
Mandatory Enforcement of Privacy Policies using Trusted Computing Principles
Modern communication systems and information technology create significant new threats to information privacy. In this paper, we discuss the need for proper privacy protection in cooperative intelligent transportation systems (cITS), one instance of such systems. We outline general principles for data protection and their legal basis and argue why pure legal protection is insufficient. Strong privacy-enhancing technologies need to be deployed in cITS to protect user data while it is generated and processed. As data minimization cannot always prevent the need for disclosing relevant personal information, we introduce the new concept of mandatory enforcement of privacy policies. This concept empowers users and data subjects to tightly couple their data with privacy policies and rely on the system to impose such policies onto any data processors. We also describe the PRECIOSA Privacy-enforcing Runtime Architecture that exemplifies our approach. Moreover, we show how an application can utilize this architecture by applying it to a pay as you drive (PAYD) car insurance scenario
Coupled self-organization: Thermal interaction between two liquid films undergoing long-wavelength instabilities
The effects of thermal coupling between two thin liquid layers, separated by
a gas layer, are discussed. The liquid layers undergo long-wavelength
instabilities driven by gravitational and thermocapillary stresses. To study
the dynamics, both a linear stability analysis and a full numerical solution of
the thin-film equations are performed. The results demonstrate that the
stability properties of the combined system differ substantially from the case
where both layers evolve independently from each other. Most prominently,
oscillatory instabilities, not present in single-liquid layer configurations,
may occur.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure
On the Potential of Generic Modeling for VANET Data Aggregation Protocols
In-network data aggregation is a promising communication mechanism to reduce bandwidth requirements of applications in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). Many aggregation schemes have been proposed, often with varying features. Most aggregation schemes are tailored to specific application scenarios and for specific aggregation operations. Comparative evaluation of different aggregation schemes is therefore difficult. An application centric view of aggregation does also not tap into the potential of cross application aggregation. Generic modeling may help to unlock this potential. We outline a generic modeling approach to enable improved comparability of aggregation schemes and facilitate joint optimization for different applications of aggregation schemes for VANETs. This work outlines the requirements and general concept of a generic modeling approach and identifies open challenges
A First Look at QUIC in the Wild
For the first time since the establishment of TCP and UDP, the Internet
transport layer is subject to a major change by the introduction of QUIC.
Initiated by Google in 2012, QUIC provides a reliable, connection-oriented
low-latency and fully encrypted transport. In this paper, we provide the first
broad assessment of QUIC usage in the wild. We monitor the entire IPv4 address
space since August 2016 and about 46% of the DNS namespace to detected
QUIC-capable infrastructures. Our scans show that the number of QUIC-capable
IPs has more than tripled since then to over 617.59 K. We find around 161K
domains hosted on QUIC-enabled infrastructure, but only 15K of them present
valid certificates over QUIC. Second, we analyze one year of traffic traces
provided by MAWI, one day of a major European tier-1 ISP and from a large IXP
to understand the dominance of QUIC in the Internet traffic mix. We find QUIC
to account for 2.6% to 9.1% of the current Internet traffic, depending on the
vantage point. This share is dominated by Google pushing up to 42.1% of its
traffic via QUIC
Label-free 3D visualization of cellular and tissue structures in intact muscle with second and third harmonic generation microscopy.
Second and Third Harmonic Generation (SHG and THG) microscopy is based on optical effects which are induced by specific inherent physical properties of a specimen. As a multi-photon laser scanning approach which is not based on fluorescence it combines the advantages of a label-free technique with restriction of signal generation to the focal plane, thus allowing high resolution 3D reconstruction of image volumes without out-of-focus background several hundred micrometers deep into the tissue. While in mammalian soft tissues SHG is mostly restricted to collagen fibers and striated muscle myosin, THG is induced at a large variety of structures, since it is generated at interfaces such as refraction index changes within the focal volume of the excitation laser. Besides, colorants such as hemoglobin can cause resonance enhancement, leading to intense THG signals. We applied SHG and THG microscopy to murine (Mus musculus) muscles, an established model system for physiological research, to investigate their potential for label-free tissue imaging. In addition to collagen fibers and muscle fiber substructure, THG allowed us to visualize blood vessel walls and erythrocytes as well as white blood cells adhering to vessel walls, residing in or moving through the extravascular tissue. Moreover peripheral nerve fibers could be clearly identified. Structure down to the nuclear chromatin distribution was visualized in 3D and with more detail than obtainable by bright field microscopy. To our knowledge, most of these objects have not been visualized previously by THG or any label-free 3D approach. THG allows label-free microscopy with inherent optical sectioning and therefore may offer similar improvements compared to bright field microscopy as does confocal laser scanning microscopy compared to conventional fluorescence microscopy
The viability of coral populations in the Anthropocene
Andreas Dietzel examined demographic trends in corals at large spatial and temporal scales. He found that while few Pacific coral species face an elevated risk of global extinction, long-term shifts in colony sizes indicate declines in reproduction and the spatial scale of mass bleaching events jeopardizes population connectivity and recovery
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