Constraints to Tanzanian Agricultural Development: Input Use in Households Under Non-Separability

This paper builds on the literature testing for labor market inefficiencies in developing countries. Empirical tests using a panel data survey from Tanzania first reject the homogeneity of family and hired labor, and then reject labor market separation or completeness. Further tests for the efficient allocation of manure among plots reject, revealing that agricultural households face considerable constraints in factor markets. All rejections, except hired harvest labor, are robust to the inclusion of household-specific effects, and control for heterogenous household preferences, and village-specific shocks. I incorporate high-resolution annual population estimates from the LandScan database, which uses satellite imagery to construct population estimates, and find that in areas with higher population density, less family labor is used and more hired labor is used

Constraints to Tanzanian Agricultural Development: Input Use in Households Under Non-Separability

This paper builds on the literature testing for labor market inefficiencies in developing countries. Empirical tests using a panel data survey from Tanzania first reject the homogeneity of family and hired labor, and then reject labor market separation or completeness. Further tests for the efficient allocation of manure among plots reject, revealing that agricultural households face considerable constraints in factor markets. All rejections, except hired harvest labor, are robust to the inclusion of household-specific effects, and control for heterogenous household preferences, and village-specific shocks. I incorporate high-resolution annual population estimates from the LandScan database, which uses satellite imagery to construct population estimates, and find that in areas with higher population density, less family labor is used and more hired labor is used

Constraints to Tanzanian Agricultural Development: Input Use in Households Under Non-Separability

This paper builds on the literature testing for labor market inefficiencies in developing countries. Empirical tests using a panel data survey from Tanzania first reject the homogeneity of family and hired labor, and then reject labor market separation or completeness. Further tests for the efficient allocation of manure among plots reject, revealing that agricultural households face considerable constraints in factor markets. All rejections, except hired harvest labor, are robust to the inclusion of household-specific effects, and control for heterogenous household preferences, and village-specific shocks. I incorporate high-resolution annual population estimates from the LandScan database, which uses satellite imagery to construct population estimates, and find that in areas with higher population density, less family labor is used and more hired labor is used

Constraints to Tanzanian Agricultural Development: Input Use in Households Under Non-Separability

This paper builds on the literature testing for labor market inefficiencies in developing countries. Empirical tests using a panel data survey from Tanzania first reject the homogeneity of family and hired labor, and then reject labor market separation or completeness. Further tests for the efficient allocation of manure among plots reject, revealing that agricultural households face considerable constraints in factor markets. All rejections, except hired harvest labor, are robust to the inclusion of household-specific effects, and control for heterogenous household preferences, and village-specific shocks. I incorporate high-resolution annual population estimates from the LandScan database, which uses satellite imagery to construct population estimates, and find that in areas with higher population density, less family labor is used and more hired labor is used

Planes, Trains, and Automobiles: What Drives Human-Made Light?

This paper expands on our understanding of the lights-income relationship by linking the newest generation of nighttime satellite images derived from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometry Suite, VIIRS, to nationwide, panel data on population and income from 2012-2018 for both Brazil and the United States including 3,095 US counties, and 5,570 municipios. I leverage the quality and frequency of those data sources and the VIIRS lights images and confirm that nighttime light responds to changes in income when controlling for population effects. I find positive effects of GDP on light in both USA and Brazil, though light is less responsive to changes in GDP in Brazil than in the USA. Consistent with the literature, I discover nonlinearities in the form of decreasing marginal effects of GDP on nighttime light. This result holds across many specifications and is robust to sub-sample analysis and placebo tests. Leveraging the large sample size, I use regressions by centile of nighttime light to present a clear picture of the effects of GDP and population on nighttime light. In many cases, results are shown for the combined USA and Brazil samples, as well as the dis-aggregated samples. Finally, I use a between-county estimator to identify the effects of time-invariant infrastructure features on night-time light. Roads, rail, ports, airports, and border crossings I find contribute positively to nighttime light

Planes, Trains, and Automobiles: Night-time Lights of the USA

This paper seeks to advance understanding of the lights-income relationship by linking the newest generation of night-time satellite images, the VIIRS images, to nationwide, panel data on 3,101 US counties, including data on both population and income. I leverage the quality and frequency of those data sources and the VIIRS lights images to decompose the links between population growth, official GDP growth, and nighttime lights growth at the county level. I use a between-county estimator to identify the effects of time-invariant infrastructure features on night-time light. Roads, rail, ports, and airports I find to be strong contributors to increases in light. I find GDP growth is weakly linked with night-time lights though light growth is strongly linked with population growth even when controlling for substantial non-linearities which appear to be present

Development and Delivery of a Custom Versal Board for Space Applications

The Versal can help enable rapid advancement to the next generation of radiation tolerant computing, drastically improving the processing capability of small satellites