Assessment of Spontaneous Combustion of Some Indian Coals Using Differential Thermal Analysis

Self-oxidation of coal is one of the major causes for disastrous accidents in coal mines in leading coal producing countries like China, India and Australia. Hence, study of spontaneous combustion of coal is of utmost importance as it not only causes loss of life and property but also a loss of non-renewable power source, i.e., coal. In case of self-combustion of coal, it is very difficult to control the fire in the mine itself. It is important to have knowledge about the susceptibility of coal to spontaneous heating to know the degree of proneness and take steps to prevent any mishap or loss of life, coal reserve, raising concerns about economic aspects of mining etc. This B.Tech dissertation deals with assessment of susceptibility of some Indian coals to spontaneous combustion using curves obtained from differential thermal analysis of 20 coal samples collected from different coal mines of MCL and CCL, both opencast and underground. The determination of intrinsic properties as well as susceptibility of the samples were done using following experimental techniques: ? Proximate analysis ? Differential thermal analysis. It was found that only the Transition temperature determined from the DTA curve is not sufficient in determination of proneness of coal to spontaneous combustion but slopes of the Stage IIA, stage IIB and overall slope at Stage II and further studies based on the proximate analysis of coal and area under the DTG curve obtained from differential thermal analysis (DTA-TG

Role of Women in Agriculture: Technology-led, Gender Sensitive Policy Options

Agriculture occupies a key position in Indian economy providing a source of livelihood for a majority of the population. Successes in agricultural front with high production levels, especially in food grains have indeed been achieved. Women in India are the backbone of the society and important resource in agriculture and rural economy. They make essential contributions to the agricultural development and allied and household activities and pursue multiple livelihood strategies. These activities include producing agricultural crop, cleaning animals, preparing food, working in rural enterprises, engaging in trade and marketing, caring family members and maintaining their homes. Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India has policy provisions like joint leasing for both domestic and agricultural land under National policy for farmers, however in practice it has made little difference at ground level. There is still a wide gender gap which has to be addressed properly for overall development of women. The paper tries to analyze the policy options available for a gender sensitive agricultural policy which can not only empower women but also ensure sustainable agricultural development

Role of Women in Agriculture: Technology-led, Gender Sensitive Policy Options

Agriculture occupies a key position in Indian economy providing a source of livelihood for a majority of the population. Successes in agricultural front with high production levels, especially in food grains have indeed been achieved. Women in India are the backbone of the society and important resource in agriculture and rural economy. They make essential contributions to the agricultural development and allied and household activities and pursue multiple livelihood strategies. These activities include producing agricultural crop, cleaning animals, preparing food, working in rural enterprises, engaging in trade and marketing, caring family members and maintaining their homes. Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India has policy provisions like joint leasing for both domestic and agricultural land under National policy for farmers, however in practice it has made little difference at ground level. There is still a wide gender gap which has to be addressed properly for overall development of women. The paper tries to analyze the policy options available for a gender sensitive agricultural policy which can not only empower women but also ensure sustainable agricultural development

Modern Extension Approaches for Livelihood Improvement for Resource Poor Farmers

Indian agriculture sector has an impressive long-term record of taking the country out of serious food shortages despite rapid population increase, given its heavy reliance on the work of its pluralistic extension system. But so far today gap between technology developed/released and the technology disseminated/adopted is wide. Technology Transfer (persuasive + paternalistic), Advisory work (persuasive + participatory), Human resource development (educational + paternalistic) and Facilitation for empowerment (educational + participatory) are the four paradigm of extension education. In light of the context and facts our strategy must be requires as targeting the area based all development agencies/ agents for similar message/ technologies, Strategies must be supplemented by input and ensuring utilization of locally available inputs or resources & efforts starts from low cost or no cost technologies for confidence building of clients.To help meet this challenge, the role of extension is clear - there is a great need for information, ideas, and organization. About 80 percent of the world's extension is publicly funded and delivered by civil servants, providing a diverse range of services to the general population, commercial producers, and disadvantaged target groups through a variety of approaches. The paper discusses some of the innovations, approaches and success stories, and policy changes needed to take the extension systems forward in light of the rapid changes in tone and tenor of technology transfer globally

Role of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) in Agricultural Extension: An Overview

Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) is the only institution at the district level in India for technological backstopping in agriculture and allied sectors. All KVKs are envisaged to reduce the time lag between generation of technology at the research institution and its application to the location specific farmer fields for increasing production, productivity and net farm income on a sustained basis. Each KVK has been provided with a team of multi-disciplinary subject matter specialists for taking up the activities of a KVK. Each KVK has a provision of Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC), the function of this Committee is to provide advice to the KVK in formulation of annual technical programme and also to review the performance mandated activities. KVKs are implementing various technological interventions based on the needs of the farming community. The paper tries to critically examine the developments so far and what needs to be done further to strengthen the KVKs

Role of Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) in Agricultural Extension: An Overview

Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) is the only institution at the district level in India for technological backstopping in agriculture and allied sectors. All KVKs are envisaged to reduce the time lag between generation of technology at the research institution and its application to the location specific farmer fields for increasing production, productivity and net farm income on a sustained basis. Each KVK has been provided with a team of multi-disciplinary subject matter specialists for taking up the activities of a KVK. Each KVK has a provision of Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC), the function of this Committee is to provide advice to the KVK in formulation of annual technical programme and also to review the performance mandated activities. KVKs are implementing various technological interventions based on the needs of the farming community. The paper tries to critically examine the developments so far and what needs to be done further to strengthen the KVKs

Efficient Dynamic Phishing Safeguard system using neural boost phishing protection

The instance of privacy and security have reached the point where they cannot be ignored. There has been a rise in data breaches and fraud, particularly in banks, healthcare, and government sectors. In today's world, many organizations offer their security specialists bug report programs that help them find the flaws in the applications. The breach of data on its own doesn't constitute a threat or attack. Cyber-attacks allow cyberpunks to gain access to machines and networks and steal financial data and esoteric information as a result of a data breach. In this context, this paper proposes an innovative approach to help users to avoid online subterfuge by implementing a Dynamic Phishing Safeguard System (DPSS) using neural boost phishing protection algorithm that focuses on phishing, fraud, and optimizes the problem of data breaches. Dynamic phishing safeguard utilizes 30 different features to predict whether or not a website is a phishing website. In addition, the neural boost phishing protection algorithm uses an Anti-Phishing Neural Algorithm (APNA) and an Anti-Phishing Boosting Algorithm (APBA) to generate output that is mapped to various other components, such as IP finder, geolocation, and location mapper, in order to pinpoint the location of vulnerable sites that the user can view, which makes the system more secure. The system also offers a website blocker, and a tracker auditor to give the user the authority to control the system. Based on the results, the anti-phishing neural algorithm achieved an accuracy level of 97.10%, while the anti-phishing boosting algorithm yielded 97.82%. According to the evaluation results, Dynamic phishing safeguard systems tend to perform better than other models in terms of uniform resource locator detection and security

Efficient Dynamic Phishing Safeguard system using neural boost phishing protection

The instance of privacy and security have reached the point where they cannot be ignored. There has been a rise in data breaches and fraud, particularly in banks, healthcare, and government sectors. In today's world, many organizations offer their security specialists bug report programs that help them find the flaws in the applications. The breach of data on its own doesn't constitute a threat or attack. Cyber-attacks allow cyberpunks to gain access to machines and networks and steal financial data and esoteric information as a result of a data breach. In this context, this paper proposes an innovative approach to help users to avoid online subterfuge by implementing a Dynamic Phishing Safeguard System (DPSS) using neural boost phishing protection algorithm that focuses on phishing, fraud, and optimizes the problem of data breaches. Dynamic phishing safeguard utilizes 30 different features to predict whether or not a website is a phishing website. In addition, the neural boost phishing protection algorithm uses an Anti-Phishing Neural Algorithm (APNA) and an Anti-Phishing Boosting Algorithm (APBA) to generate output that is mapped to various other components, such as IP finder, geolocation, and location mapper, in order to pinpoint the location of vulnerable sites that the user can view, which makes the system more secure. The system also offers a website blocker, and a tracker auditor to give the user the authority to control the system. Based on the results, the anti-phishing neural algorithm achieved an accuracy level of 97.10%, while the anti-phishing boosting algorithm yielded 97.82%. According to the evaluation results, Dynamic phishing safeguard systems tend to perform better than other models in terms of uniform resource locator detection and security