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Not AvailableIntensive agriculture with chemical and industrial inputs has increased crop yields but also posed severe environmental problems by releasing green house gases (GHGs) to atmosphere during production, transportation and storage. Modern agricultural practices over the past four decades have resulted in not only loss of natural habitat and soil health but have also caused many hazards like soil erosion, decreased groundwater level, pollution, genetic erosion, ill effects on environment, reduced food quality and increased the cost of cultivation, rendering the farmer poorer year by year. Farmers do not find agriculture a viable proposition any more and in fact, a large number of farmers have committed suicides. Local indigenous farm techniques have been wiped out and replaced by the modern techniques, resulting in an unviable and unsustainable farm enterprise. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has noted that agriculture as practised today (conventional/modern agriculture) accounts for about one fifth of the anthropogenic greenhouse effect, producing about 50 and 70 per cent, respectively of the overall anthropogenic methane and nitrogen oxides emissions. Scientific surveys and evidences indicate that pesticide particles are transferred to human and other living bodies through grains, vegetables, fruits and grasses, causing a number of health problems, where The pesticide residue persistence are considerably more than maximum residue limit (MRL) of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954. According to WHO, 14,000 people die every year in the third world countries due to pesticide poisoning. Hence, sustainability of agricultural systems with low or without emission of GHGs has become an important issue all over the world. It is in this context, alternative farm techniques and strategies for growing crops ought to be found in the larger interest. Essentially, organic agriculture is a farming system which supports and strengthens biological processes without recourse to inorganic remedies. Organic farming is increasingly becoming popular because of the perceived health and environment benefits and farmers are benefited through price premium. Organic matter additions are the only means of making some soils economically productive. Therefore, the use of organic amendments is synonymous to soil productivity. Increasing soil organic matter has added benefit of improving soil quality and thereby enhancing the long term sustainability of agriculture. Initially lower yields on organic farms have been attributed to the negative effects of conventional practices on the soil microorganisms that mineralize soil organic matter, or that control soil-borne pests. But, these systems may improve soil quality than industrial conventional systems and provide better yield later, especially in developing countries.Not Availabl

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Popular articleOrganic wheat has great prospects for Hill agriculture.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe study on system productivity, energy-use efficiency and economics of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill sp.]–based cropping systems, viz., pigeonpea–wheat (Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.), pigeonpea– barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), pigeonpea–lentil Lens culinaris (L.) Medicus, pigeonpea–field pea (Pisum sativum (L.), sensu lato) and pigeonpea–toria (Brassica rapa (L.) var. toria) with comparise to rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat cropping system was carried out at the Hawalbagh experimental farm of Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand during 2007–2009, under rainfed conditions. Results showed that all the pigeonpea–based cropping systems were superior to traditional rice–wheat cropping system in terms of system productivity, net returns, benefit:cost ratio and net energy returns. Pigeonpea–lentil cropping system proved superior in terms of system net returns ( 63,616/ha), benefit:cost ratio (1.64) and energy ratio (1.94) to pigeonpea–wheat, pigeonpea–barley, pigeonpea–field pea and pigeonpea–toria cropping systems. Rice–wheat cropping system recorded the lowest pigeonpea–equivalent yield (1.32 t/ha), net returns ( 2,750/ha) and benefit:cost ratio (0.06). Nutrient status of the soil improved significantly due to pigeonpea–lentil cropping system over other cropping systems. Pigeonpea–lentil cropping system proved to be the best in terms of monetary returns, net energy return and soil productivity and hence, could be adopted in the north-west Himalayas under rainfed conditionsNot Availabl

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Not AvailableInoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and phosphorus mobilizing arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) with low quality rock phosphate (RP) can be an alternative source to one of the costliest phosphatic fertilizers in India, i.e. single superphosphate, by enhancing phosphorus influx and modification of root properties. Co-inoculation of PSB and AM may play a pivotal role to reduce phosphorus application through RP. Root properties and grain yield of irrigated soybean-wheat cropping system were evaluated with two levels of RP (100 and 50% recommended P (1.0 RP and 0.5 RP)) and different combinations ofPSB and AM with0.5 RP (0.5 RP + PSB, 0.5 RP + AM and 0.5 RP + PSB + AM) versus 100% recommended P application through soluble single superphosphate (1.0 SP) in the Indo-Gangetic plains. The P influx under 0.5 RP + PSB + AM and 1.0 SP were statistically at par with each other and the former treatment provided 0.6 and 3.2% higher value than the later in soybean and wheat, respectively. The root surface area density (RSAD) of soybean and wheat under 0.5 RP + PSB + AM (13.71 and 6.16m2 m−3, respectively) and 1.0 SP (13.70 and 6.37 m2 m−3, respectively) were non-significant and almost equal with each other. The values of root cation exchange capacity and other root properties under 0.5 RP + PSB + AM and 1.0 SP were also non-significant. The improved root properties under 0.5 RP + PSB + AM provided statistically at par grain yield with 1.0 SP for both soybean and wheat crops. The yield under 0.5 RP + PSB + AM of soybean crop was 3.4% higher than 1.0 SP. The net returns US$−1 invested was significantly higher under 0.5 RP + PSB + AM compared to 1.0 SP for both soybean and wheat crops. Coinoculation of PSB and AM with 50% of recommended P through RP could be recommended for better root properties and profitable grain yield of soybean-wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains.Not Availabl

gehun ki vaigyanik kheti

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Not AvailableAlteration of crop root morphology is a new innovative approach to provide food security. Phosphorus is the most important nutrient to influence root properties. Efficient use of P fertilizers has become an important issue of agriculture all over the world due to limited availability of rock phosphate and its non-renewable nature. Hence, root properties and grain yield of soybean-wheat cropping system were evaluated by inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and vesicular arbuscular microorganism (VAM) with 50% recommended P (0.5 P + PSB + VAM) against 100% P (1.0 P), 50% P and control in a Typic Ustochrepts of the Indo-Gangetic plains. The root cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soybean and wheat treated with 0.5 P + PSB + VAM were 3.6 and 4.6% higher than 1.0 P, respectively. The same treatment produced 2.3 and 2.6% higher root length density (RLD) in soybean and wheat, respectively in comparison to 1.0 P. The P inflow rate under 0.5 P + PSB + VAM was 9.2 and 4.6% higher than 1.0 P in soybean and wheat, respectively indicating higher acquisition of P through VAM, although higher rhizospheric P availability was recorded in 1.0 P. The root CEC, RLD and P inflow rate were closely related to P concentration and content in root, shoot and nodule, specific root length, root diameter and internal P requirement. The better root property observed in 0.5 P + PSB + VAM enhanced 4.1 and 4.9% grain yield of soybean and wheat, respectively as compared to 1.0 P. Inoculation of PSB and VAM could substitute 50% P of soybean-wheat cropping system with better root property and higher grain yield in semi-arid sub tropics of the Indo-Gangetic plains.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAlteration of crop root morphology is a new innovative approach to provide food security. Phosphorus is the most important nutrient to influence root properties. Efficient use of P fertilizers has become an important issue of agriculture all over the world due to limited availability of rock phosphate and its non-renewable nature. Hence, root properties and grain yield of soybean-wheat cropping system were evaluated by inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and vesicular arbuscular microorganism (VAM) with 50% recommended P (0.5 P + PSB + VAM) against 100% P (1.0 P), 50% P and control in a Typic Ustochrepts of the Indo-Gangetic plains. The root cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soybean and wheat treated with 0.5 P + PSB + VAM were 3.6 and 4.6% higher than 1.0 P, respectively. The same treatment produced 2.3 and 2.6% higher root length density (RLD) in soybean and wheat, respectively in comparison to 1.0 P. The P inflow rate under 0.5 P + PSB + VAM was 9.2 and 4.6% higher than 1.0 P in soybean and wheat, respectively indicating higher acquisition of P through VAM, although higher rhizospheric P availability was recorded in 1.0 P. The root CEC, RLD and P inflow rate were closely related to P concentration and content in root, shoot and nodule, specific root length, root diameter and internal P requirement. The better root property observed in 0.5 P + PSB + VAM enhanced 4.1 and 4.9% grain yield of soybean and wheat, respectively as compared to 1.0 P. Inoculation of PSB and VAM could substitute 50% P of soybean-wheat cropping system with better root property and higher grain yield in semi-arid sub tropics of the Indo-Gangetic plains.Not Availabl

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Published In : Proceedings: National Agronomy Congress on “Redesigning Agronomy for Nature Conservation and Economic Empowerment”, Pantnagar Agronomy Society held at GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, 20-22 February 2018. pp: 570-572.

Sher Singh; Mahanta, D.; Tuti, M.D.; Panday, S.C.; Mondal, T.; Yadav, R.P.; Meena, V.S. and Choudhary, M. 2018. Enhancing productivity and profitability of rainfed wheat with thiourea and dew harvesting in North-western Himalayas. In : Proceedings: National Agronomy Congress on “Redesigning Agronomy for Nature Conservation and Economic Empowerment”, Pantnagar Agronomy Society held at GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, 20-22 February 2018. pp: 570-572.Not AvailableNot Availabl