Virus UNA: primeiro registro de infecção em humanos na República Argentina

Una virus (UNAV), Togaviridae family, is widely distributed in South America, where infections have been detected in mosquitoes and vertebrate hosts (humans, birds and horses). We analyzed human sera from Córdoba inhabitants aged 44 to 89 years and using a neutralization test, we found a prevalence of UNAV antibodies of 3.8% (3/79). The low titers detected suggest past infections probably acquired in rural areas of the Province of Córdoba (central Argentina). None sera were found positive for MAYV neutralizing antibodies. This is the first report of human infections by UNAV in Argentina.O virus Una (Togaviridae) tem ampla distribuição na América do Sul, detectando-se infecções até hoje em mosquitos e hospedeiros vertebrados (humanos, aves e cavalos). Mediante a realização do teste de neutralização em soros humanos provenientes de indivíduos entre 44 e 89 anos, da cidade de Córdoba, foi detectada uma prevalência de 3,8% (3/79) de anticorpos para o vírus UNA. Nenhum soro apresentou anticorpos para o vírus Mayaro. Os títulos foram baixos demonstrando-se a presença de infecção passada. Dados epidemiológicos indicam que a infecção ocorreu em áreas rurais da província de Córdoba (centro da Argentina). Os dados aqui expostos representam o primeiro registro de infecção de humanos por vírus Una na República Argentina

The extent of infectious SARS-CoV-2 shedding in an Argentinean cohort

Background: To analyze the infectious extent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) in different settings where prevention strategies are critical to limit infection spread, we evaluated SARS-COV-2 viability to guide public health policies regarding isolation criteria and infection control. Methods: We attempted viral isolation in 82 nasopharyngeal swabs from 72 patients with conrmed SARS-COV-2 infection. Study population was divided into four groups: (i) Patients during the rst week of symptoms; (ii) Patients with prolonged positive PCR; (iii) Healthcare workers from a hospital participating of an outbreak investigation, with SARS-COV-2 infection conrmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and (iv) Recipients of convalescent immune plasma (CIP). Vero Cl76 cell-line (ATCC CRL-587) was used in assays for virus isolation. Plasma samples of CIP recipients were also tested with plaque-reduction neutralization test. Results: We obtained infectious SARS-COV-2 isolates from 15/84 nasopharyngeal swabs. The virus could not be isolated from upper respiratory tract samples collected 10-day after onset of symptoms (AOS) in patients with mild–moderate disease. Conclusion: The knowledge of the extent of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity AOS is relevant for effective prevention measures. This allows to discuss criteria for end isolation despite persistence of positive PCR and improve timing for hospital discharge with consequent availability of critical beds.publishedVersionFil: Blanco, Sebastián. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Virología Dr. José María Vanella; Argentina.Fil: Aguilar, Juan Javier. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Virología Dr. José María Vanella; Argentina.Fil: Konigheim, Brenda Salomé. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Virología Dr. José María Vanella; Argentina.Fil: Konigheim, Brenda Salomé. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Diaz, Luis Adrián. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Virología Dr. José María Vanella; Argentina.Fil: Diaz, Luis Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Spinsanti, Lorena. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Virología Dr. José María Vanella; Argentina.Fil: Beranek, Mauricio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Virología Dr. José María Vanella; Argentina.Fil: Beranek, Mauricio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Collino, César. Hospital Guillermo Rawson, Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Diaz, Miguel. Hospital Guillermo Rawson, Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Barbás, María Gabriela. Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba. Secretaria de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud; Argentina.Fil: Gallego, Sandra Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Virología Dr. José María Vanella; Argentina.Fil: Gallego, Sandra Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Prueba de Software del sitio www.elempleo.com

Anexo 1. Tabla 40 Ejecución de los casos de prueba. Pág. 94- pág. 98Documento que describe la planeación, diseño y ejecución de pruebas del sitio www.elempleo.com.Document that describes the planning, design and execution of tests of the site www.elempleo.com

El síndrome de norte-sur, una complicación de la asistencia circulatoria con ECMO Venoarterial. Reporte de caso

We present the case of a 34-year-old male patient with a history of Marfan syndrome who was admitted to the emergency room for acute aortic regurgitation secondary to aneurysmal dilation of the ascending thoracic aorta. In the postoperative period, post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock was documented, so circulatory support was initiated with peripheral Veno-Arterial ECMO, which developed hypoxemia due to bacterial pneumonia and data compatible with North-South syndrome. We present a review, non-conventional cannulation strategies and a diagnostic alternative for this entity.Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 34 años con diagnóstico previo de síndrome de Marfan que ingresó por Insuficiencia aórtica aguda secundario a dilatación aneurismática de la aorta torácica ascendente. En el posoperatorio se documentó choque cardiogénico poscardiotomía por lo que se inició soporte circulatorio con ECMO venoarterial periférico, el cual desarrolló hipoxemia por neumonía bacteriana y datos compatibles con síndrome norte-sur. Presentamos una revisión, estrategias de canulación no convencional y una alternativa diagnóstica para esta entidad

Effects of protein supplementation on dairy goats naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes in Valle de Lerma, province of Salta, Argentina

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of protein and copper supplementation in dairy goats naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in Valle de Lerma, province of Salta, Argentina. Three groups of 10 animals each were tested: GSP (group supplemented with 19% protein and copper administered subcutaneously at a rate of 0.5 ml per 20 kg of weight at the beginning of the trial), GSPD (group supplemented with protein and copper as GSP and dewormed monthly with Derquantel + Abamectin), and CG (control group, without supplementation or deworming). The animals were monitored every 15 days from the beginning of March 2021 until kidding, at the end of July 2021. The animals were clinically examined and Famacha and body condition were determined. In ad dition, hematocrit and serum protein were detected and coprological analyses were performed to confirm EPG and nematode prevalence. After kidding, daily milk production of each animal was measured up to 90 days of lactation. The prevalent GIN genera were Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus. At parturition, CG differed significantly in the average GIN egg count from GSP and GSPD, with 4035 (±4873.8) for CG, 1225 (±1173.5) for GSP and 983 (±1854.8) for the GSPD. Regarding physiological parameters, the hematocrit was 27.7% (±4.4) in CG, 31.7% (±5.1) in GSP, and 32% (±3.5) in GSPD; total serum proteins were 4 g/dl (±0.62) in CG, 5.8 g/dl (±0.69) in GSP and 6.2 g/dl (±0.61) in GSPD. Milk production in the treated groups (GSPD: 167.7l ± 18.2 l; GSP: 153.3 ± 18.2 l ) was higher than in CG (85.7 ± 19.2 l). Protein supplementation had a positive effect on parasitological, physiological, and productive parame ters. Under the conditions of this trial, it would be advisable to supplement the animals 45 days before kidding to enhance GIN control and milk production.El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los efectos de la suplementación con proteína y cobre en cabras lecheras naturalmente infectadas con nematodos gastrointestinales (NGI) en el Valle de Lerma, provincia de Salta, Argentina. Se analizaron tres grupos de 10 animales cada uno: GSP (grupo suplementado con 19% de proteína y cobre administrado por vía subcutánea a razón de 0,5 ml por cada 20 kg de peso al inicio del ensayo), GSPD (grupo suplementado con proteína y cobre como GSP y desparasitados mensualmente con Derquantel + Abamectina), y GC (grupo control, sin suplementación ni desparasitación). Se realizaron monitoreos cada 15 días desde principios de marzo de 2021 hasta el parto, a fines de julio de 2021. Además, los animales fueron examinados clínicamente y se determinó su condición de Famacha y corporal. Se examinó hematocrito y proteínas séricas, y se realizaron análisis coprológicos para confirmar y determinar la prevalencia de nematodos y EPG. Luego del parto, se midió la producción diaria de leche de cada animal hasta los 90 días de lactancia. Los géneros NGI prevalentes fueron Haemonchus y Trichostrongylus. En el momento del parto, CG difirió significativamente en el recuento de huevos NGI promedio de GSP y GSPD, con 4035 (±4873.8) para CG, 1225 (±1173.5) para GSP y 983 (±1854.8) para GSPD. En cuanto a los parámetros fisiológicos, el hematocrito fue de 27,7% (±4,4) en GC; 31,7% (±5,1) en GSP y 32% (±3,5) en GSPD; las proteínas séricas totales fueron 4 g/dl (±0,62) en GC, 5,8 g/dl (±0,69) en GSP y 6,2 g/dl (±0,61) en GSPD. La producción de leche en los grupos tratados (GSPD: 167,7 l ± 18,2 l; GSP: 153,3 ± 18,2 l) fue mayor que en el GC (85,7 ± 19,2 l). La suplementación proteica tuvo un efecto positivo sobre los parámetros parasitológicos, fisiológicos y productivos. Bajo las condiciones de este estudio, sería recomendable suplementar a los animales 45 días antes del parto para mejorar el control de NGI y la producción de leche.Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco SemiáridoFil: Olmos, Leandro Hipolito. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido. Área de Investigación en Salud Animal; ArgentinaFil: Martinez, Gabriela Marcela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Alfaro, Rodolfo Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Alfaro, Emilio José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Diaz, Juan Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido. Área de Investigación en Salud Animal; ArgentinaFil: Colque Caro, Luis Adrián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido. Área de Investigación en Salud Animal; ArgentinaFil: Colque Caro, Luis Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, Ramiro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido. Área de Investigación en Salud Animal; ArgentinaFil: Suarez, Victor Humberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentin

West Nile Virus in Birds, Argentina

West Nile Virus in Birds, Argentin

Fatty acids homeostasis during fasting predicts protection from chemotherapy toxicity.

Fasting exerts beneficial effects in mice and humans, including protection from chemotherapy toxicity. To explore the involved mechanisms, we collect blood from humans and mice before and after 36 or 24 hours of fasting, respectively, and measure lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes, circulating micro RNAs (miRNAs), and RNA expression at peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Fasting coordinately affects the proportion of polyunsaturated versus saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids at the erythrocyte membrane; and reduces the expression of insulin signaling-related genes in PBMCs. When fasted for 24 hours before and 24 hours after administration of oxaliplatin or doxorubicin, mice show a strong protection from toxicity in several tissues. Erythrocyte membrane lipids and PBMC gene expression define two separate groups of individuals that accurately predict a differential protection from chemotherapy toxicity, with important clinical implications. Our results reveal a mechanism of fasting associated with lipid homeostasis, and provide biomarkers of fasting to predict fasting-mediated protection from chemotherapy toxicity.General: We thank Prof. Jose Maria. Ordovas for his kind suggestions; nutritionists Helena Marcos-Pasero, Elena Aguilar-Aguilar and Isabel Espinosa-Salinas for their help with volunteers management; Rosa Serrano for her help with animal experiments; Susana Molina for her advice with PBMC isolation; Luisa Mariscal, Domingo Fernandez, Lola Martinez, Diego Megias, Patricia Gonzalez, Fernando Pelaez, Anabel Sanz, Carolina Pola, Celia de la Calle, Ana Ortega, Ana Sagrera, Jose Miguel Frade, Elena Lopez-Guadamillas, Maribel Munoz, Susana Llanos, Andres Fernandez, Aranzazu Sierra, Andres Lopez, Noemi Haro and Ildefonso Rodriguez for their excellent technical and scientific support. Work at the laboratory of P.J.F.M. is funded by the Ramon Areces Foundation, (CIVP18A3891), Asociacion Espanola contra el Cancer-AECC (SIRTBIO-LABAE18008FERN), a Ramon y Cajal Award from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICINN) (RYC-2017-22335), RETOS projects Program of MICINN (SAF2017-85766-R) and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-MCTES, SFRH/BD/124022/2016). Work at the laboratory of ARM was funded by the MICINN (PID2019-110183RB-C21), Regional Government of Community of Madrid (P2018/BAA-4343-ALIBIRD2020-CM) and the Ramon Areces Foundation. Work at the laboratory of A.D.R. Funded by the Comunidad de Madrid-Talento Grant 2018-T1/BMD-11966 and the MICINN PID-2019-106893RA-100. Work at the laboratory of L.D. is funded by projects from the Health Research Fund (ISCIII FIS PI14/01374 and FISPI17/00508) and from a Manuel de Oya research fellowship from the Beer and Health Foundation. Work at the laboratory of A.E. is funded by a Ramon y Cajal Award from MICINN (RYC-2013-13546) and RETOS projects Program of the MICINN, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (SAF2015-67538-R). Work in the laboratory of M.S. was funded by the IRB and by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (SAF2013-48256-R), the European Research Council (ERC-2014-AdG/669622), and the "laCaixa" Foundation.S

Comparison of Argentinean Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus Non-Epidemic and Epidemic Strain Infections in an Avian Model

St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV, Flavivirus, Flaviviridae) is an emerging mosquito-borne pathogen in South America, with human SLEV encephalitis cases reported in Argentina and Brazil. Genotype III strains of SLEV were isolated from Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in Cordoba, Argentina in 2005, during the largest SLEV outbreak ever reported in South America. The present study tested the hypothesis that the recent, epidemic SLEV strain exhibits greater virulence in birds as compared with a non-epidemic genotype III strain isolated from mosquitoes in Santa Fe Province 27 years earlier. The observed differences in infection parameters between adult House sparrows (Passer domesticus) that were needle-inoculated with either the epidemic or historic SLEV strain were not statistically significant. However, only the House sparrows that were infected with the epidemic strain achieved infectious-level viremia titers sufficient to infect Cx. spp. mosquitoes vectors. Furthermore, the vertebrate reservoir competence index values indicated an approximately 3-fold increase in amplification potential of House sparrows infected with the epidemic strain when pre-existing flavivirus-reactive antibodies were present, suggesting the possibility that antibody-dependent enhancement may increase the risk of avian-amplified transmission of SLEV in South America

Prognostic implications of comorbidity patterns in critically ill COVID-19 patients: A multicenter, observational study

Background The clinical heterogeneity of COVID-19 suggests the existence of different phenotypes with prognostic implications. We aimed to analyze comorbidity patterns in critically ill COVID-19 patients and assess their impact on in-hospital outcomes, response to treatment and sequelae. Methods Multicenter prospective/retrospective observational study in intensive care units of 55 Spanish hospitals. 5866 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients had comorbidities recorded at hospital admission; clinical and biological parameters, in-hospital procedures and complications throughout the stay; and, clinical complications, persistent symptoms and sequelae at 3 and 6 months. Findings Latent class analysis identified 3 phenotypes using training and test subcohorts: low-morbidity (n=3385; 58%), younger and with few comorbidities; high-morbidity (n=2074; 35%), with high comorbid burden; and renal-morbidity (n=407; 7%), with chronic kidney disease (CKD), high comorbidity burden and the worst oxygenation profile. Renal-morbidity and high-morbidity had more in-hospital complications and higher mortality risk than low-morbidity (adjusted HR (95% CI): 1.57 (1.34-1.84) and 1.16 (1.05-1.28), respectively). Corticosteroids, but not tocilizumab, were associated with lower mortality risk (HR (95% CI) 0.76 (0.63-0.93)), especially in renal-morbidity and high-morbidity. Renal-morbidity and high-morbidity showed the worst lung function throughout the follow-up, with renal-morbidity having the highest risk of infectious complications (6%), emergency visits (29%) or hospital readmissions (14%) at 6 months (p<0.01). Interpretation Comorbidity-based phenotypes were identified and associated with different expression of in-hospital complications, mortality, treatment response, and sequelae, with CKD playing a major role. This could help clinicians in day-to-day decision making including the management of post-discharge COVID-19 sequelae. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd

Does urbanisation lead to parallel demographic shifts across the world in a cosmopolitan plant?

Urbanisation is occurring globally, leading to dramatic environmental changes that are altering the ecology and evolution of species. In particular, the expansion of human infrastructure and the loss and fragmentation of natural habitats in cities is predicted to increase genetic drift and reduce gene flow by reducing the size and connectivity of populations. Alternatively, the ‘urban facilitation model’ suggests that some species will have greater gene flow into and within cities leading to higher diversity and lower differentiation in urban populations. These alternative hypotheses have not been contrasted across multiple cities. Here, we used the genomic data from the GLobal Urban Evolution project (GLUE), to study the effects of urbanisation on non‐adaptive evolutionary processes of white clover (Trifolium repens) at a global scale. We found that white clover populations presented high genetic diversity and no evidence of reduced Ne linked to urbanisation. On the contrary, we found that urban populations were less likely to experience a recent decrease in effective population size than rural ones. In addition, we found little genetic structure among populations both globally and between urban and rural populations, which showed extensive gene flow between habitats. Interestingly, white clover displayed overall higher gene flow within urban areas than within rural habitats. Our study provides the largest comprehensive test of the demographic effects of urbanisation. Our results contrast with the common perception that heavily altered and fragmented urban environments will reduce the effective population size and genetic diversity of populations and contribute to their isolation