Caracterización del glaucoma primario en trabajadores de los medios de comunicación

Introduction: glaucoma is a progressive, multifactorial optic neuropathy, characterized by specific morphological changes in the eye fundus. Multiple risk factors have been shown in its development.Objective: to characterize the behavior of primary open and closed angle glaucoma in media workers in Cienfuegos.Methods: an observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the period from September 2020 to April 2021. The universe was made up of 47 patients and all of them were worked on. The variables were studied: sex, age, skin color, work occupation, personal and family pathological history, intraocular pressure, corneal thickness, type of eye according to dimensions, amplitude of the iridocorneal angle and eye fundus. It used the descriptive statistic.Results: a predominance of the female sex was observed, which represented 70.12%. The age group 40-49 (16; 34.04%) predominated. Patients with no personal pathological history (22; 46.81%) and relatives (80, 85%) predominated. 72 cases with intraocular pressure above normal figures (76.59%). Patients without ocular alterations suggestive of glaucoma and with open angle (38; 80.85%) stood out. The fundus of the eye was normal in most patients.Conclusions: glaucoma can potentially develop at any age, preferably in males. Its appearance is preceded by a period of slow establishment where various factors occur and/or converge, which imply imbalances in intraocular pressure even in eyes with normal characteristics on ophthalmological examination.Introducción: el glaucoma es una neuropatía óptica progresiva, multifactorial, caracterizada por cambios morfológicos específicos en el fondo de ojo; se han demostrado múltiples factores de riesgo en su desarrollo.Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento del glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto y cerrado en trabajadores de los medios de comunicación de Cienfuegos.Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal en el período de septiembre de 2020 a abril de 2021. El universo quedó conformado por 47 pacientes y se trabajó con su totalidad. Se estudiaron las variables: sexo, edad, color de la piel, ocupación laboral, antecedentes patológicos personales y familiares, presión intraocular, espesor corneal, tipo de ojo según dimensiones, amplitud del ángulo iridocorneal y fondo de ojo. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva.Resultados: se observó predominio del sexo femenino, que representó el 70,12 %. Predominó el grupo etario de 40-49 (16; 34,04 %). Predominaron los pacientes sin antecedentes patológicos personales (22; 46,81 %) y familiares (80, 85 %). Del total de pacientes 72 casos presentaron presión intraocular por encima de cifras normales (76,59 %). Sobresalieron los pacientes sin alternaciones oculares sugestivas de glaucoma y con ángulo abierto (38; 80,85 %). El fondo del ojo fue normal en la mayoría de los pacientes.Conclusiones: el glaucoma puede desarrollarse en cualquier edad de manera potencial, con preferencia en el sexo masculino. Su aparición está precedida por un periodo de instauración lenta donde acontecen y/o convergen diversos factores, los que implican desequilibrios en la presión intraocular aún en ojos con características normales al examen oftalmológico.

Physiopathological Mechanisms of Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Arterial Hypertension: an Update

Metabolic syndrome is an association of several disease entities that are grouped under this name, the most frequent being: arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity. The objective was to argue the pathophysiological mechanisms of association between the metabolic syndrome and arterial hypertension. For this, a total of 29 bibliographic sources were consulted, including articles from scientific journals, 3 books and others accessed through the main managers of the computer network. Hypertension and dyslipidemia often occur together and also accompany resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake; factors that often accompany obesity. These are criteria that help diagnose metabolic syndrome. The metabolic disorders associated with arterial hypertension play a key role in its appearance and maintenance, and modify the long-term prognosis in hypertensive patients and alter the therapeutic strategy