Principal component analysis (PCA) of volatile organic metabolites found in feces of subjects.

<p>Score plots of the two principal components (PC) after principal component analysis (PCA) of volatile organic metabolites of the fecal (A) and urine (B) samples of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) non progressor (NP) and progressor (P) patients, and healthy controls (HC).</p

Principal component analysis (PCA) of total bacterial genera found in feces of subjects.

<p>Score plot of the three principal components (PC) after principal component analysis (PCA) of total bacterial genera (16S rDNA), which were found in the fecal samples of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) non progressor (NP) and progressor (P) patients, and healthy controls (HC). 1–16, number of fecal samples for each group of subjects.</p

Total and active bacteria found in feces of subjects.

<p>Relative abundance (%) of total (16S rDNA) and metabolically active (16S rRNA) bacteria, which were found at the phylum level in the fecal samples of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) non progressor (NP) and progressor (P) patients, and healthy controls (HC).</p

Fecal levels of free amino acids (FAA) in subjects.

<p>Concentration (mg/kg) of individual free amino acids (FAA) found in the fecal samples of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) non progressor (NP) and progressor (P) patients, and healthy controls (HC). Data are the means of three independent experiments and standard deviations, performed in duplicate (<i>n</i> = 6).</p

Fecal cultivable bacteria of the main microbial groups.

<p>Cultivable cells (log cfu/g) found in the fecal samples of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) non progressor (NP) and progressor (P) patients, and healthy controls (HC). Data are the means of three independent experiments (<i>n</i> = 3). The top and bottom of the box represent the 75th and 25th percentile of the data, respectively. The top and bottom of the error bars represent the 5th and 95th percentile of the data, respectively. ○, Outliers data. Group student's t-test p-values were also shown.</p