ESPAD Report 2019: Results From European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs

The main purpose of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) is to collect comparable data on substance use and other forms of risk behaviour among 15- to 16-year-old students in order to monitor trends within, as well as between, countries. Between 1995 and 2019, seven waves of data collection were conducted across 49 European countries. This report presents selected key results. The full set of data on which the current report is based, including all of the standard tables, is available online (http://www.espad.org). All tables can be downloaded in Excel format and used for further analysi

A CASE OF COMPOUND MAXILLARY ODONTOMA AND MANDIBULAR HYPODONTIA

Odontomas are formations which are still classified as benign tumors by the World Health Organization. They are lesions on any odontogenic tissue – enamel, cement and dentin, which are affected in different proportions and degree. We present a case of compound odontoma on upper jaw, on a 15 year-old girl, causing retention of a permanent canine tooth. After the extirpation 16 tooth-like structures were uncovered. The mandible was diagnosed with hypodontia of both 2nd premolars. Patient’s history showed that there was a trauma in the area of the upper jaw at younger age. In this article we will present the clinical and radiographic examination, the stages of the complex surgical-orthodontic treatment and a discussion of the etiology of the diagnosis, complications and the treatment itself