ACCOUNTING AND CREATIVITY: A SOCIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH

This article presents aspects related to creativity in accounting. In our approach we started from theoretical aspects regarding the position of accounting in the field of scientific knowledge. The paper aims to justify these positions (as a language of communication, communication tool, social game), and from there to mirror the way of expressing creativity in accounting. In terms of research methodology, we have appealed to a qualitative research inspired by sociology and psychology. The sociological survey shows the vision of society related to creators, the way in which it admits or rejects them. The sociological approach allows us to understand the importance of collective consciousness in assessing and maintaining the creation. The psychological study regarding the creator describes a creature endowed with an excessive sensitivity, accompanied by a worker with permanent activity, but who is constantly gripped by an "existential doubt". In conclusion, the consultant or the researcher will have to recognise the creator's right to be wrong and surround him with a climate of confidence. This paper shows that there is a path where the one who talks to numbers (and does not have the skill of words) and those who possess the mastery of words actually meet. This paper is part of the PhD research entitled: Identifying and motivation of creative accounting practices - the case of Romanian listed companies, carried out under the guidance of PhD Prof. Feleaga Liliana, research carried out within the framework of the Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies.language figures, social game, creative approach,creative accounting,humman capital

CREATIVE ACCOUNTING - PLAYERS AND THEIR GAINS AND LOSES

The aim of this paper is to bring into attention an interesting game of accounts manipulation and its playes. Their expectations represent the genesis point of manipulative behaviour and by understanding their actions and gains and losses we may create a link to undestanding the process of creative accounting thinking. The divergent interests of these users (e.g.managers, fiscal authorities and banks) derive from their position and power, and give rise to doubt regarding the objectivity of accountancy information provided by annual financial reports.creative accounting,manipulation accounts, information users

FROM CREATIVE ACCOUNTING PRACTICES AND ENRON PHENOMENON TO THE CURRENT FINANCIAL CRISIS

The aim of this paper is to bring into attention the creative accounting phenomenon. Typesof creative accounting practices has been examined comparing scandals occurred in large companiesin the last two decades. In order to realize this scope we define the concept of creative accounting andits various forms, and we try to figure the reasons why we came into a financial crisis again, even if thehistory taught us that the risks are very large. We discuss the implication of creative accounting in thecurrent financial crisis because many financial enterprises have sought state support within a shortperiod of receiving unqualified audit opinion. The research method is a deductive one, fundamentaltype that give us the necessary prerequisites for future research. We believe that creative accountingpractices will not disappear unless the causes which have given rise to them will disappear, too.Therefore, although driven by the intention to limit creative accounting, the accounting normalisersmust take into account the circumstances that allow its expression under close supervision.creative accounting, fraud, audit, financial statements.

THE RELEVANCE OF PSYCHOLOGY THEORIES TO FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

Starting from the interest that we have found in psychology sciences in order to understand better the way managers, analysts and last but not least investors behave in the decision making process our study focuses on the link between financial reporting, disclosure policies and investors judgment under uncertainty. The theoretical background describes the rational judgment of investors found in economic utility theories but also looks upon the main cognitive and social psychology for irrational behavior in the decision making process. Our research mainly focuses on measuring the influence of five psychological factors on the irrational behavior of potential investor. We showed that overconfidence occurs when investors overestimate the precision of their private signals and their knowledge about the value of a financial transaction and always remember the successfully times and easily forget the failures. Also, we have pointed out that limited attention is frequently associated with changing in disclosure policies and selfcontrol is negatively related to irrational behavior of investor.psychology theories, financial reporting, disclosure, investor, judgment, decision making process, psychology variables

ACCOUNTING AND CREATIVITY: A SOCIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH

This article presents aspects related to creativity in accounting. In our approach we started from theoretical aspects regarding the position of accounting in the field of scientific knowledge. The paper aims to justify these positions (as a language of communication, communication tool, social game), and from there to mirror the way of expressing creativity in accounting. In terms of research methodology, we have appealed to a qualitative research inspired by sociology and psychology. The sociological survey shows the vision of society related to creators, the way in which it admits or rejects them. The sociological approach allows us to understand the importance of collective consciousness in assessing and maintaining the creation. The psychological study regarding the creator describes a creature endowed with an excessive sensitivity, accompanied by a worker with permanent activity, but who is constantly gripped by an existential doubt. In conclusion, the consultant or the researcher will have to recognise the creator's right to be wrong and surround him with a climate of confidence. This paper shows that there is a path where the one who talks to numbers (and does not have the skill of words) and those who possess the mastery of words actually meet. This paper is part of the PhD research entitled: Identifying and motivation of creative accounting practices the case of Romanian listed companies, carried out under the guidance of PhD Prof. Feleaga Liliana, research carried out within the framework of the Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies

CREATIVE ACCOUNTING PLAYERS AND THEIR GAINS AND LOSES

The aim of this paper is to bring into attention an interesting game of accounts manipulation and its playes. Their expectations represent the genesis point of manipulative behaviour and by understanding their actions and gains and losses we may create a link to undestanding the process of creative accounting thinking. The divergent interests of these users (e.g.managers, fiscal authorities and banks) derive from their position and power, and give rise to doubt regarding the objectivity of accountancy information provided by annual financial reports

ROLE OF INTERNAL AUDITING IN RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR AND LOCAL ENTITIES – CASE STUDY BIHOR COUNTY

This exploratory study of the internal audit in the public sector in function, points out the need for the involvement of public sector entities, showing that in its role has traditionally focused mainly on evaluating internal control and not on the process of risk management and corporate governance.The objective of this study is to analyze the role of the internal auditing in risk management in public institutions from Bihor County. The method chosen is the research is based on questionnaire and the analysis of the institutions has been divided into two categories, so that, when the sample was taken in consideration, the likelihood that local public institutions of Bihor County have organized the public internal audit activity. Based on responses from 49 entities from public sector, the result of the study show us that the public internal auditors know they can play an important role in the risk management, but there is a number of other activities which must be conducted within the organization. So, they tend to understand the concept of risk management and risk management process, where it is carried out, and of the role they can play in improving and activity, however, issues of disposable incomes allocated to activity, and enough personnel specializing in the field, as well as a lack of interest of management to increase the efficiency and profit of the public internal audit activity, are issues that impede performance and risk management

An empirical study on students' behaviour regarding creative accounting techniques

The scope of this study is to investigate the accounting master students' attitude and perception regarding ethics and the existence and manifestations of creative accounting, in the context of harmonization of the Romanian accounting system. The sample of our research consists of accounting master student from three Romanian representative universities. Our survey regarding the students' perception on the accounting practices is a descriptive one, we have used as an instrument of research the questionnaire. These were posted on an Internet page and also, we used the possibility of its direct approach, preserving the anonymity of the respondent. In order to attain our research's objectives we have first presented a descriptive analysis of the answers, but tested some research propositions from a practical point of view as well. These show that there is a correlation between the master students' tendency (as potential managers) to modify the accounting information and to distort the real image of financial reports and their ethical behaviour. We consider our study is valuable and attractive from the perspective of the elements of introspection and connection that it detects, in the context of a clear interest expressed by the authors in the students' psychology and their irrational behaviour regarding their potential future decisions

ACCOUNTING MANIPULATION: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY REGARDING MANAGERS’ BEHAVIOR

The study analyses managers’ behaviour from Romania when dealing with creative accounting. For this we realized an empirical study within the Arad county space, having as main objective the identification of the managers’ perception regarding the usefulness of accounting information and of other factors considered when making decisions. Another aspect was to interpret the managers’ tendency towards manipulation or strategic management of results. The empirical research was carried out between December 2013 and January 2014, and the research method used was the survey, and as an instrument of the research we used the questionnaire. The questionnaires were posted on a website but some of them were applied directly in the field to ensure a response rate of at least 30%. For the analysis and confirmation of the feasibility of the questionnaire and of the measurement scale, we used Cronbach Alpha method. The results obtained after statistically processing the answers received from respondents and after testing the research hypotheses show that there is an increased interest of the managers from the investigated Arad firms to improve the quality of the financial accounting information and to give the users as beautiful an image as possible of the company’s performances; it is noticed their inclination to the manipulation of the accounting figures. On the other hand the results obtained demonstrate that, despite the fact that most of the managers from the sample consider that using ethics is a priority in making decisions, this idea is not an obstacle for more than a half to change an accounting policy that would affect the true image but would be favorable to the image of the company The utility of such research contributes to the insurance of the premises for the development of future research, looking to test the reaction of the professional accountants in our country, regarding the phenomenon of creative accounting