Infiltration rate assessment of some major soils.

End of Project ReportLandspreading of fertilisers and wastes require an evaluation of the risk of overland flow in order to minimise risks of polluting rivers and lakes. Infiltration capacity measurements offer a practical means of indexing runoff risk. The objectives of this study were to assess the spatial and temporal variability of infiltration capacity and to assess the capacity of some major Irish soils. Infiltration capacity was measured using double ring infiltrometers at freely drained (8) imperfectly drained (1) and poorly drained (1) sites. The first series was performed for one day in summer. Eight years later a second series was conducted for two days in winter and summer at the same sites. On average six replicates were required in summer and fourteen in winter to estimate the mean with 50 percent precision. Capacities were reasonably stable between years but there was a significant difference between seasons. Capacities in summer were about 3.5 times the winter values. Except on the poorly drained soil the infiltration capacity exceeded or equalled the five year return rainfall rate indicating a very small risk of overland flow in summer. In winter the capacity at three sites, including freely drained sites, were less than 2.5 mm hr-1 indicating a significant general risk in winter.European Union Structural Funding (EAGGF

A MERLIN Study of 6 GHz Excited-state OH & 6.7 GHz Methanol Masers in ON1

MERLIN observations of 6.668-GHz methanol and both 6.031- and 6.035-GHz hydroxyl (OH) emission from the massive star-formation region ON1 are presented. These are the first methanol observations made in full polarization using 5 antennas of MERLIN, giving high resolution and sensitivity to extended emission. Maser features are found to lie at the southern edge of the ultra-compact HII region, following the known distribution of ground-state OH masers. The masers cover a region ~1 arcsec in extent, lying perpendicular to the H13CO+ bipolar outflow. Excited-state OH emission demonstrates consistent polarization angles across the strongest linearly polarized features which are parallel to the overall distribution. The linear polarizations vary between 10.0 and 18.5 per cent, with an average polarization angle of -60 deg +/- 28 deg. The strongest 6.668-GHz methanol features provide an upper limit to linear polarization of ~1 per cent. Zeeman splitting of OH shows magnetic fields between -1.1 to -5.8 mG, and a tentative methanol magnetic field strength of -18 mG is measured.Comment: 10 Pages, 5 Figure

Helpless by Law: Enduring Lessons from a Century-Old Tragedy

This essay examines questions of violence and self-defense in African American history. It does so by contrasting historical patterns of racist anti-Black violence prevalent in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, as exemplified by the destruction of the Greenwood community in Tulsa Oklahoma in 1921, with the current phenomenon of Black-on-Black violence in modern inner-city communities. Although circumstances have changed greatly in the century since the destruction of Greenwood, two phenomena persist: 1. the failure of authorities to protect Black communities and their residents, and 2. efforts by authorities to use the law or law enforcement to disarm members of Black communities leaving residents helpless by law

Public Safety and the Right to Bear Arms

This article first recontextualizes the Second Amendment debate by examining the two main interpretations of militia clause of the amendment. First, this article examines the two main interpretations of the amendment while pushing the historical lens back to an examination of English law and society. Then, this article surveys the jurisprudence and the interpretation of the right to bear arms throughout American history. This article also addresses the rise of the academic debate and significant legal scholarship. Public Safety concludes with a look at then current and future cases and a call for the expansion of boundaries of the Second Amendment debate in respect to public safety and right to bear arms

In the Civic Republic: Crime, the Inner City, and the Democracy of Arms - Being a Disquisition on the Revival of the Militia at Large

This Article examines the modern utility of the Second Amendment\u27s guarantee of the right to keep and bear arms in light of the phenomenon of modern crime, particularly black-on-black violence in urban America. Although many advocates of gun control have argued that crime in modern cities is a reason for modifying or severely truncating the right to have arms, the Authors argue that the right to have arms and the Second Amendment\u27s notion of a universal militia can be the basis of a new partnership between police and citizens in urban America. This new partnership can, if properly developed, be a useful tool in fighting crime in inner-city communities