27 research outputs found

    Sch…: On Curating the Unspoken and the Unspeakable

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    A*Magazine: *Art *Africa *Analysis

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    A* Magazine – A* standing for Art, Africa and Analysis – is the official publication of the ECAS (7th European Conference on African Studies) arts and culture programme. It takes the form of a once-off newspaper that, in addition to providing a programme overview, also features a broad spectrum of articles, analyses, features, interviews, letters and poems related to the many questions and issues raised during these events

    L’expansion récente du maraîchage de rente au Fouta-Djalon : dynamiques spatiales et organisationnelles et recompositions sociales

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    Dans le massif du Fouta-Djalon, on assiste depuis le début des années 1990 à l’expansion du maraîchage de rente dans plusieurs types d’espaces : bas-fonds, « tapades » ou jardins de case près des habitations et champs extérieurs. Elle se caractérise par l’augmentation très importante de la production de pommes de terre, mais aussi dans une moindre mesure d’autres spéculations, oignons, tomates, piments. Cette évolution est le résultat de la politique d’ouverture des marchés sur le plan national depuis l’avènement de la Deuxième république, et surtout de l’implication dans la production agricole, d’acteurs aux profils et aux statuts diversifiés, petits producteurs dont une majorité de femmes, mais aussi salariés, techniciens, commerçants, émigrés originaires de la région. Une puissante organisation paysanne, la Fédération des Paysans du Fouta Djalon a exercé une influence décisive dans ces dynamiques en offrant des services adaptés dans les domaines de la fourniture d’intrants, de la commercialisation et de la formation. L’essor du vivrier marchand a un impact inégal au niveau territorial et a plus favorisé le développement des zones centrales plus actives et mieux desservies en infrastructures de services et de communication. Dans le domaine économique et social, il a permis une augmentation des revenus des petits producteurs, mais a contribué aussi à l’accroissement des différenciations sociales et a entraîné une concurrence accrue pour l’accès à la terre.The recent expansion of horticultural marketing in Fouta-Djalon: spatial and organizational dynamics and social reconstructions Since the beginning of 1990s in the Fouta-Djalon highland, we face the expansion of horticultural gardening in several types of areas: shallows, “Tapades” or gardens of hut near houses and outside fields. This process is characterized by the huge increase of production of potatoes, but also, in a lesser measure, of the other speculations as onions, tomatoes, hot peppers. This evolution is the result of the politics of markets opening at the national level after the second republic, and especially of the commitment of actors with diversified profiles and status in agricultural production: small producers among which a majority of women, employees, technicians, storekeepers, emigrants native of the region. The Fouta-Djalon Farmers Federation, a powerful peasant organization, has a decisive influence in these dynamics by offering adpated services in domains as supply of inputs, marketing and training. The expansion of horticcultural marketing has an uneven impact at the territorial level and facilited the development of the central zone which are more active and have better infrastructures of services and communication. This process led to an increase of the incomes of the small producers, but also contributed to the increase of the social differenciations and entailed an increased competition for the access to the ground

    Profil Evolutif et Comorbidités des Troubles Fonctionnels Intestinaux (TFI) Persistants au CHU de Conakry

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    Introduction : Les troubles fonctionnels digestifs (TFI) ou syndrome de l’intestin irritable reprĂ©sentent un vĂ©ritable problème de santĂ© publique. Si cette affection n’engage pas le pronostic vital, elle altère significativement et de façon chronique la qualitĂ© de vie des malades. L’étiologie est mal connue et de nombreux facteurs sont impliquĂ©s. MĂ©thodes : Il s’agissait d’une Ă©tude transversale descriptive Ă  recueil prospectif de donnĂ©es rĂ©alisĂ©e en consultation externe du service d’hĂ©pato-gastroentĂ©rologie de l’hĂ´pital national Donka du CHU de Conakry allant du 1er Janvier 2019 au 31 DĂ©cembre 2020 chez les patients souffrants de TFI et rĂ©pondant aux critères de Rome IV. RĂ©sultats : Trois cent quatre-vingt-dix-huit cas de SII sur 1309 patients soit une prĂ©valence de 30,40%. On notait une prĂ©dominance fĂ©minine avec un sex ratio de 0,92. L’âge moyen de nos patients Ă©tait de 49 ans avec des extrĂŞmes de 10 et 88 ans. Les tranches d’âge de 25-34 ans et 35-44 ans Ă©taient les plus reprĂ©sentĂ©es avec des frĂ©quences respectives de 24,52% et 22,07%. Les principaux signes cliniques Ă©taient des douleurs abdominales (92,28%), de la constipation dans 84,41%, ballonnement abdominal 28,39% et diverses manifestations extradigestives : insomnie dans 32,08%, de cĂ©phalĂ©es dans 30,55% des cas, de la fibromyalgie 22,91%. Les principaux facteurs dĂ©clenchants Ă©taient : les facteurs psychologiques 32,08% et alimentaires (tubercules 14,13%, haricot 6,11%, le diner tardif et ou copieux 4,2% et les boissons gazeuses 3,44%). Le retentissement socioprofessionnel des TFI Ă©tait dominĂ© par l’absentĂ©isme dans 82,78% des cas, le retard au travail dans 20%. Les comorbiditĂ©s digestives les plus frĂ©quentes Ă©taient : le RGO, la dyspepsie, le dolichocĂ´lon ainsi que leur association. Conclusion  Le SII est un problème de santĂ© publique qui altère la qualitĂ© de vie des personnes atteintes. Les douleurs abdominales, la constipation et le ballonnement abdominal en constituent la triade symptomatique. Le stress est un facteur dĂ©clenchant de la symptomatologie. L’association du SII avec des comorbiditĂ©s digestives et extra-digestives est frĂ©quente. Introduction : Functional digestive disorders (TFI) or irritable bowel syndrome represent a real public health problem. Although this condition is not life-threatening, it significantly and chronically alters the quality of life of patients. The etiology is poorly understood and many factors are involved. Methods : This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection carried out in outpatient consultation of the hepato-gastroenterology department of the Donka national hospital of the Conakry University Hospital from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020 in patients suffering from TFI and meeting the Rome IV criteria. Results: Three hundred and ninety-eight cases of IBS out of 1309 patients, representing a prevalence of 30.40%. There was a female predominance with a sex ratio of 0.92. The average age of our patients was 49 years with extremes of 10 and 88 years. The age groups of 25-34 and 35-44 were the most represented with respective frequencies of 24.52% and 22.07%. The main clinical signs were abdominal pain (92.28%), constipation in 84.41%, abdominal bloating in 28.39% and various extradigestive manifestations: insomnia in 32.08%, headache in 30.55% of cases. cases, fibromyalgia 22.91%. The main triggering factors were: psychological factors 32.08% and dietary factors (tubers 14.13%, beans 6.11%, late or heavy dinner 4.2% and soft drinks 3.44%). The socio-professional impact of TFIs was dominated by absenteeism in 82.78% of cases, lateness for work in 20%. The most common digestive comorbidities were: GERD, dyspepsia, dolichocolon and their combination. Conclusion IBS is a public health problem that impairs the quality of life of those affected. Abdominal pain, constipation and abdominal bloating constitute the symptomatic triad. Stress is a triggering factor for the symptoms. The association of IBS with digestive and extra-digestive comorbidities is common

    Profil Evolutif et Comorbidités des Troubles Fonctionnels Intestinaux (TFI) Persistants au CHU de Conakry

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    Introduction : Les troubles fonctionnels digestifs (TFI) ou syndrome de l’intestin irritable reprĂ©sentent un vĂ©ritable problème de santĂ© publique. Si cette affection n’engage pas le pronostic vital, elle altère significativement et de façon chronique la qualitĂ© de vie des malades. L’étiologie est mal connue et de nombreux facteurs sont impliquĂ©s. MĂ©thodes : Il s’agissait d’une Ă©tude transversale descriptive Ă  recueil prospectif de donnĂ©es rĂ©alisĂ©e en consultation externe du service d’hĂ©pato-gastroentĂ©rologie de l’hĂ´pital national Donka du CHU de Conakry allant du 1er Janvier 2019 au 31 DĂ©cembre 2020 chez les patients souffrants de TFI et rĂ©pondant aux critères de Rome IV. RĂ©sultats : Trois cent quatre-vingt-dix-huit cas de SII sur 1309 patients soit une prĂ©valence de 30,40%. On notait une prĂ©dominance fĂ©minine avec un sex ratio de 0,92. L’âge moyen de nos patients Ă©tait de 49 ans avec des extrĂŞmes de 10 et 88 ans. Les tranches d’âge de 25-34 ans et 35-44 ans Ă©taient les plus reprĂ©sentĂ©es avec des frĂ©quences respectives de 24,52% et 22,07%. Les principaux signes cliniques Ă©taient des douleurs abdominales (92,28%), de la constipation dans 84,41%, ballonnement abdominal 28,39% et diverses manifestations extradigestives : insomnie dans 32,08%, de cĂ©phalĂ©es dans 30,55% des cas, de la fibromyalgie 22,91%. Les principaux facteurs dĂ©clenchants Ă©taient : les facteurs psychologiques 32,08% et alimentaires (tubercules 14,13%, haricot 6,11%, le diner tardif et ou copieux 4,2% et les boissons gazeuses 3,44%). Le retentissement socioprofessionnel des TFI Ă©tait dominĂ© par l’absentĂ©isme dans 82,78% des cas, le retard au travail dans 20%. Les comorbiditĂ©s digestives les plus frĂ©quentes Ă©taient : le RGO, la dyspepsie, le dolichocĂ´lon ainsi que leur association. Conclusion  Le SII est un problème de santĂ© publique qui altère la qualitĂ© de vie des personnes atteintes. Les douleurs abdominales, la constipation et le ballonnement abdominal en constituent la triade symptomatique. Le stress est un facteur dĂ©clenchant de la symptomatologie. L’association du SII avec des comorbiditĂ©s digestives et extra-digestives est frĂ©quente. Introduction : Functional digestive disorders (TFI) or irritable bowel syndrome represent a real public health problem. Although this condition is not life-threatening, it significantly and chronically alters the quality of life of patients. The etiology is poorly understood and many factors are involved. Methods : This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection carried out in outpatient consultation of the hepato-gastroenterology department of the Donka national hospital of the Conakry University Hospital from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020 in patients suffering from TFI and meeting the Rome IV criteria. Results: Three hundred and ninety-eight cases of IBS out of 1309 patients, representing a prevalence of 30.40%. There was a female predominance with a sex ratio of 0.92. The average age of our patients was 49 years with extremes of 10 and 88 years. The age groups of 25-34 and 35-44 were the most represented with respective frequencies of 24.52% and 22.07%. The main clinical signs were abdominal pain (92.28%), constipation in 84.41%, abdominal bloating in 28.39% and various extradigestive manifestations: insomnia in 32.08%, headache in 30.55% of cases. cases, fibromyalgia 22.91%. The main triggering factors were: psychological factors 32.08% and dietary factors (tubers 14.13%, beans 6.11%, late or heavy dinner 4.2% and soft drinks 3.44%). The socio-professional impact of TFIs was dominated by absenteeism in 82.78% of cases, lateness for work in 20%. The most common digestive comorbidities were: GERD, dyspepsia, dolichocolon and their combination. Conclusion IBS is a public health problem that impairs the quality of life of those affected. Abdominal pain, constipation and abdominal bloating constitute the symptomatic triad. Stress is a triggering factor for the symptoms. The association of IBS with digestive and extra-digestive comorbidities is common

    Profil Epidémiologique des Troubles Fonctionnels Intestinaux (TFI) Persistants au CHU de Conakry

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    Introduction : Les troubles fonctionnels Intestinaux (TFI) ou syndrome de l’intestin irritable reprĂ©sentent un vĂ©ritable problème de santĂ© publique. Si cette affection n’engage pas le pronostic vital, elle altère significativement et de façon chronique la qualitĂ© de vie des malades. L’étiologie est mal connue et de nombreux facteurs sont impliquĂ©s. MĂ©thodes : Il s’agissait d’une Ă©tude transversale descriptive Ă  recueil prospectif de donnĂ©es rĂ©alisĂ©e en consultation externe du service d’hĂ©pato-gastroentĂ©rologie de l’hĂ´pital national Donka du CHU de Conakry pour une durĂ©e de 2 ans. RĂ©sultats : Trois cent quatre-vingt-dix-huit cas de TFI sur 1309 patients avaient Ă©tĂ© recensĂ© soit une prĂ©valence de 30,40%. On notait une prĂ©dominance fĂ©minine avec un sex ratio de 0,92. L’âge moyen de nos patients Ă©tait de 49 ans avec des extrĂŞmes de 10 et 88 ans. Les tranches d’âge de 25-34 ans et 35-44 ans Ă©taient les plus reprĂ©sentĂ©es avec des frĂ©quences respectives de 24,52% et 22,07%. Les principaux signes cliniques Ă©taient des douleurs abdominales (92,28%), de la constipation dans 84,41%, ballonnement abdominal 28,39% et diverses manifestations extradigestives : insomnie dans 32,08%, de cĂ©phalĂ©es dans 30,55% des cas, de la fibromyalgie 22,91%. Les principaux facteurs dĂ©clenchants Ă©taient : les facteurs psychologiques 32,08% et alimentaires (tubercules 14,13%, haricot 6,11%, le dĂ®ner tardif et ou copieux 4,2% et les boissons gazeuses 3,44%). Le retentissement socioprofessionnel des TFI Ă©tait dominĂ© par l’absentĂ©isme dans 82,78% des cas, le retard au travail dans 20%. Les comorbiditĂ©s digestives les plus frĂ©quentes Ă©taient : le reflux gastro Ĺ“sophagien (RGO), la dyspepsie, le dolichocĂ´lon ainsi que leur association. Les examens  complĂ©mentaires morphologiques Ă©taient reprĂ©sentĂ©s par (une Ă©chographie abdominale et pelvienne a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e chez 50,11% de nos patients et elle objectivait une aĂ©rocolie dans 45% des cas ;un scanner abdominopelvien  fait dans 3,56% des cas, examen sans anomalie ; une ano-recto-sigmoĂŻdoscopie dans 17,80% des cas et une ; coloscopie dans 4,98% des cas, toutes normales ; une fibroscopie oeso-gastroduodĂ©nale chez  25% de nos patients et Ă©tait normale ;un lavement barytĂ© double contraste 11,20%. Conclusion : Le TFI est un problème de santĂ© publique qui altère la qualitĂ© de vie des personnes atteintes. Les douleurs abdominales, la constipation et le ballonnement abdominal en constituent la triade symptomatique. Le stress est un facteur dĂ©clenchant de la symptomatologie. L’association du SII avec des comorbiditĂ©s digestives et extra-digestives est frĂ©quente. Les examens complĂ©mentaires morphologique ont des consĂ©quences financières difficiles dans la majoritĂ© des cas chez nos patients.   Introduction : Functional digestive disorders (TFI) or irritable bowel syndrome represent a real public health problem. Although this condition is not life-threatening, it significantly and chronically alters the quality of life of patients. The etiology is poorly understood and many factors are involved. Methods : This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection carried out in the outpatient clinic of the hepato-gastroenterology department of the Donka National Hospital of the Conakry University Hospital for a period of 2 years. Results : Three hundred and ninety-eight cases of TFI out of 1309 patients were identified, representing a prevalence of 30.40%. There was a female predominance with a sex ratio of 0.92. The average age of our patients was 49 years with extremes of 10 and 88 years. The age groups of 25-34 and 35-44 were the most represented with respective frequencies of 24.52% and 22.07%. The main clinical signs were abdominal pain (92.28%), constipation in 84.41%, abdominal bloating in 28.39%, and various extra digestive manifestations: insomnia in 32.08%, headache in 30.55% of cases. cases, fibromyalgia 22.91%. The main triggering factors were: psychological factors 32.08% and dietary factors (tubers 14.13%, beans 6.11%, late or heavy dinner 4.2% and soft drinks 3.44%). The socio-professional impact of TFIs was dominated by absenteeism in 82.78% of cases, and lateness for work in 20%. The most frequent digestive comorbidities were: gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), dyspepsia, dolichocolon and their association. Additional morphological examinations were represented by (an abdominal and pelvic ultrasound was carried out in 50.11% of our patients and it revealed aerocolia in 45% of cases; an abdominopelvic scan was performed in 3.56% of cases, examination without abnormality; an anorecto-sigmoidoscopy in 17.80% of cases and the colonoscopy in 4.98% of cases, all normal; an esophagogastroduodenal fibroscopy in 25% of our patients and was normal; a double contrast barium enema 11 .20%. Conclusion: TFI is a public health problem that impairs the quality of life of those affected. Abdominal pain, constipation, and abdominal bloating constitute the symptomatic triad. Stress is a triggering factor for the symptoms. The association of IBS with digestive and extra-digestive comorbidities is common. Additional morphological examinations have difficult financial consequences in the majority of cases among our patients

    Analyse d’une démarche de résolution de problèmes environnementaux en République de Guinée

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    Cet article décrit l’impact de la mise en œuvre d’une démarche de résolution de problèmes environnementaux par trois groupes d’élèves de la République de Guinée. L’objectif poursuivi était de mieux comprendre les enjeux d’une telle démarche au regard d’un engagement citoyen des jeunes africains pour le développement durable. Une classe du primaire, une du secondaire et une autre de la formation professionnelle ont travaillé à poser et à formuler des solutions à la problématique de la qualité de l’eau dans la capitale Conakry. Les données recueillies ont permis de constater l’intérêt des élèves pour ces questions, particulièrement lorsqu’elles sont appréhendées par observation directe sur le terrain ; leur désir de passer à l’action a été également manifeste. Les principales limites observées sont l’accessibilité restreinte à des ressources documentaires ainsi que le manque de formation des enseignants en éducation à l’environnement et au développement durable.This article describes the impact of implementing an environmental problem solving approach by three groups of students from the Republic of Guinea. The objective was to better understand the issues stemming from such an approach with regard to citizen engagement of young Africans towards sustainable development. One classroom from elementary school, one form secondary school and one from a vocational school worked to lay down and formulate solutions to the problem of water quality in the country capital, Conakry. The data collected showed students' interests towards these questions, especially when they are apprehended by direct observation in the field; their desire to take action was also evident. The main limitations observed are the limited access to documentary resources as well as the lack of training of teachers in environmental and sustainable development education

    The Psychological Challenges of Adults with Severe Mental Illness During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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    Background. The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented global health crisis that challenged the general public. Vulnerable populations with pre-existing mental illness have been disproportionately burdened by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. As a result, they may experience more adverse mental health outcomes related to COVID-19 infection than other groups. Methods. First, we conducted a retrospective chart review using electronic health records for patients who visited an urban community health center in metropolitan Georgia between 2/1/2019 and 3/11/2021. We examined the prevalence of mental health diagnostic patterns and depression symptoms before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, in a cross-sectional study, we further explored the psychological challenges of adults with severe mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic using the BPRS, PHQ-9, and K-6 scales. We also examined the association between social connectedness and mental health status. Results. The chart review indicated that patients had higher odds of a primary diagnosis of severe mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, schizotypal personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia) (OR = 3.44, 95% CI: 1.59 –7.43); and affective mood disorders, such as major depressive and bipolar disorders (11%) (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.47 –3.01) during the pandemic compared to the year before the pandemic. The cross-sectional analysis indicated that adults diagnosed with COVID-19 experienced more severe psychological distress (OR=2.48, 95% CI: 1.02–6.28) compared to those not diagnosed with COVID-19. After adjusting for sex and age, adults with SMI who sheltered in place during the lockdown experienced higher psychological distress than those who did not shelter in place in place (aOR=2.52, 95% CI: 1.02-6.48). Women experienced significantly higher SMI severity (BPRS scores (x̄ ± SD) for women = 56.7±24.4 vs. men = 48.5±19.1; (p=0.039) and higher odds of depression (OR=2.74, 95% CI: 1.22­­–6.13) during the pandemic than men. Furthermore, adults with SMI with high social support experienced higher psychological distress than those with low social support (aOR = 4.60, 95% CI: 1.82 –11.8). Conclusions. The findings of this study emphasize the need to incorporate infectious disease responses with mental health interventions during a public health crisis. INDEX WORDS: COVID-19 pandemic, Mental health, Severe mental illness, African American minorities, Urban setting, Psychological distress, Shelter in place, Social support

    Mental Health Services for Underserved Communities in Bulloch County: A Service-Learning Project with the Hearts and Hands Clinic.

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    The increasing demand for mental health services during the COVID-19 global pandemic was the driving force behind our collaboration with the Hearts and Hands Clinic in a service-learning project. The project aimed to prepare a grant application at Betty and Davis Fitzgerald Foundation. Our objective was to secure funding for the clinic, enabling it to expand its staff and offer free mental health services for underserved communities in Bulloch County. This project helped us apply the knowledge gained from the Public Health Funding and Grants course to real-life challenges amid COVID-19, enhanced our critical thinking and problem-solving skills, and, most importantly, increased a strong belief in the importance of partnership and collaboration with the community. Despite facing occasional technical issues typical for remote communication between partners, we prepared a grant application intended to help raise mental health awareness and address mental health issues in underserved communities. Key words: service-learning, community, mental health service

    Postcolonial Dilemma: Parts I-III

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    SPARCK – Space for Pan-African Research, Creation and Knowledge – est un programme de résidences pluridisciplinaires expérimentales, d’ateliers, de conférences, d’expositions, de publications et de performances centrés sur des approches novatrices et engagées de l’espace urbain aujourd’hui
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