Etat des lieux de la pisciculture dans la Commune Urbaine de Kankan

L'aquaculture contribue de manière significative à la sécurité alimentaire, à la création d'emplois et à l'amélioration des recettes de l'État. Pour cela, elle devrait être encouragée, en tant que stratégie de développement, en tenant compte des réalités des environnements, en menant des recherches sur l'aquaculture adaptée et en tenant compte en permanence des contraintes entravant le développement du secteur. Cela permettra à la population de s'orienter vers une aquaculture durable. Malgré tous ces avantages, cette activité reste à un stade embryonnaire. Dans la plupart des régions, notamment dans la Commune Urbaine de Kankan. Dans cette municipalité, cela se traduit par l'installation d'étangs piscicoles et son développement reste incertain. Les praticiens de cette activité dans la Commune Urbaine de Kankan sont confrontés à certains problèmes de gestion de leurs sites piscicoles. Parmi ces problèmes, nous devons mentionner : le manque de nourriture pour les poissons. L'objectif de cette étude était d'analyser la situation de l'aquaculture dans la Commune Urbaine de Kankan en vue de proposer de nouvelles orientations pour augmenter le rendement de production des pisciculteurs. L'entretien mené avec les cadres et l'analyse des archives de la Commune Urbaine de Kankan nous ont permis de connaître les 8 acteurs qui distribuent les 87 bassins installés, dont 76 sont fonctionnels et 11 non fonctionnels ; l'enquête auprès des parties prenantes nous a permis de connaître les différentes espèces de poissons élevées par les pisciculteurs, parmi ces espèces nous avons : Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias gariepinus et Heterobrancus longifilus ; l'enquête concernant l'identification et la caractérisation des sites piscicoles a révélé que 87,5 % des parties prenantes utilisent des étangs en béton, soit 7 pisciculteurs, contre 12,5 % qui utilisent des étangs en cuve, soit 1 pisciculteur ; quant à l'identification des contraintes liées à l'aquaculture, huit (8) contraintes ont été identifiées parmi lesquelles nous avons : le manque de nourriture pour les poissons, le manque de moyens de financement et de matériaux

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasmosis in Cats and Women Undergoing Prenatal Consultation in Coyah, Guinea

The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiological situation of toxoplasmosis in cats and women undergoing prenatal consultation in the city of Coyah (Guinea). During the study, 100 cat sera and 100 sera from women in prenatal consultation were analyzed with a Toxo-Screen DA (Modified Antigen Agglutination Test) kit. The results indicated prevalences of 73%±8.7 in antenatal women and 51%±9.8 in cats. There was no association found between the variables and Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in prenatal females and cats. Keywords: Cat; women in prenatal consultation; Toxoplasma gondii; Coyah; Guinea

Jaceosidin: A traditional herbal medicine with its wide range of pharmacological properties

Background: Natural products of therapeutic importance are compounds derived from plants, animals, or any microorganism. Humans have been using natural products for medicinal use for ages. Jaceosidin (JAS), found in plants is used as a food and a traditional medicinal herb. In recent years, several studies noticed that the biological and pharmacological effects of JAS have attracted attention and encouraged us to review its various properties. Objectives: This review focused on the newest scientific reports on JAS and extensively summarizes its pharmacological properties. Methodology: Articles published by authors on JAS were analyzed for the study. Results: JAS is known to play several pharmacological functions such as antimutagenic, angiogenesis, anti-adipogenic, immunosuppressive, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties. Conclusion: JAS has many important applications in pharmacology. Although researchers have reported multiple pharmacological applications of this compound, further experimentations covering its effects and mechanisms of action are needed to understand and extend the scope of its application. Keywords: Natural products, Jaceosidin, pharmacological activitie

Comparative evolutionary analyses of peste des petits ruminants virus genetic lineages

International audiencePeste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes a highly infectious disease affecting mainly goats and sheep in large parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East and has an important impact on the global economy and food security. Full genome sequencing of PPRV strains has proved to be critical to increasing our understanding of PPR epidemiology and to inform the ongoing global efforts for its eradication. However, the number of full PPRV genomes published is still limited and with a heavy bias towards recent samples and genetic Lineage IV (LIV), which is only one of the four existing PPRV lineages. Here, we generated genome sequences for twenty-five recent (2010–6) and seven historical (1972–99) PPRV samples, focusing mainly on Lineage II (LII) in West Africa. This provided the first opportunity to compare the evolutionary pressures and history between the globally dominant PPRV genetic LIV and LII, which is endemic in West Africa. Phylogenomic analysis showed that the relationship between PPRV LII strains was complex and supported the extensive transboundary circulation of the virus within West Africa. In contrast, LIV sequences were clearly separated per region, with strains from West and Central Africa branched as a sister clade to all other LIV sequences, suggesting that this lineage also has an African origin. Estimates of the time to the most recent common ancestor place the divergence of modern LII and LIV strains in the 1960s–80s, suggesting that this period was particularly important for the diversification and spread of PPRV globally. Phylogenetic relationships among historical samples from LI, LII, and LIII and with more recent samples point towards a high genetic diversity for all these lineages in Africa until the 1970s–80s and possible bottleneck events shaping PPRV’s evolution during this period. Molecular evolution analyses show that strains belonging to LII and LIV have evolved under different selection pressures. Differences in codon usage and adaptative selection pressures were observed in all viral genes between the two lineages. Our results confirm that comparative genomic analyses can provide new insights into PPRV’s evolutionary history and molecular epidemiology. However, PPRV genome sequencing efforts must be ramped up to increase the resolution of such studies for their use in the development of efficient PPR control and surveillance strategies