La qualit\ue0 della regolazione come strumento di prevenzione della corruzione

Il presente progetto di ricerca ha l\u2019obiettivo di analizzare il rapporto tra regolazione e corruzione, cercando, al contempo, di fornire un punto di vista non solo limitato a quello giuridico, ma aperto al contributo di altre scienze. Si \ue8 deciso di aprire il lavoro fornendo una ricognizione sul tema, al fine di illustrare le varie criticit\ue0 che uno studio sulla corruzione deve affrontare, riguardanti la molteplicit\ue0 delle definizioni, la difficolt\ue0 della misurazione, l\u2019efficacia dei rimedi e altri. Nella seconda parte si prevede di indagare il rapporto tra cattiva regolazione e corruzione, esaminando i fattori di rischio che possono promuovere pratiche corruttive, tra cui: l\u2019ipertrofia legislativa, gli elevati oneri amministrativi, la partecipazione (opaca) dei gruppi di interesse nel processo legislativo, le distorsioni del sistema delle fonti. Nella terza parte si intende integrare l\u2019approccio regolatorio alla corruzione con i risultati delle scienze comportamentali, che da un lato hanno dimostrato la parziale infondatezza dei postulati teorici del paradigma economico-neoclassico, secondo cui l\u2019uomo si comporterebbe sempre in maniera razionale e indirizzato a massimizzare il proprio interesse; dall\u2019altro hanno individuato una serie di limiti e distorsioni cognitive \u2013 tra cui l\u2019errata percezione del rischio, l\u2019influenza del contesto e altre \u2013 che sembrano incidere sulla propensione di un individuo a commettere un atto illecito. Nell\u2019ultimo capitolo si intende dar conto della qualit\ue0 della regolazione quale strumento di prevenzione della corruzione. In particolare, ci si \ue8 soffermati sull\u2019Analisi di impatto della corruzione (AIC), utilizzata gi\ue0 da alcuni paesi, tra cui la Moldavia, la Russia, la Corea del Sud e altri, attraverso la quale predisporre una valutazione prognostica dei fattori di rischio-corruzione presenti nella regolazione

Detection of new Misaligned Active Galactic Nuclei in the Fermi-LAT Fourth Source Catalog using machine learning techniques

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are the most luminous and abundant objects in the γ-ray sky. AGN with jets misaligned along the line-of-sight (MAGN) appear fainter than the brighter blazars, but are expected more numerous. Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) detected 40 MAGNs compared to 1943 blazars. The aim of this study is to identify new MAGN candidates in the blazars of uncertain type (BCUs) listed in the Fermi-LAT 10-year Source Catalog using an artificial neural network (ANN). The statistical tests applied to the trained ANN reveals that a classification with machine learning techniques is feasible with high accuracy and precision. The trained ANN has been applied to the 1120 BCUs which have been classified into 655 BL Lacs and 314 flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs). Among the re-classified BCUs, the possible MAGN candidates have been determined by applying thresholds on the spectral index, variability index and gamma-ray luminosity. Our results led to 36 possible MAGN candidates, which respect the main physical properties of the 40 MAGN already listed in the Fourth Fermi Catalog

New determination of the production cross section for γ\gamma rays in the Galaxy

The flux of $\gamma$ rays is measured with unprecedented accuracy by the $\textit{Fermi}$ Large Area Telescope from 100 MeV to almost 1 TeV. In the future, the Cherenkov Telescope Array will have the capability to measure photons up to 100 TeV. To accurately interpret this data, precise predictions of the production processes, specifically the cross section for the production of photons from the interaction of cosmic-ray protons and helium with atoms of the ISM, are necessary. In this study, we determine new analytical functions describing the Lorentz-invariant cross section for $\gamma$-ray production in hadronic collisions. We utilize the limited total cross section data for $\pi^0$ production channels and supplement this information by drawing on our previous analyses of charged pion production to infer missing details. In this context, we highlight the need for new data on $\pi^0$ production. Our predictions include the cross sections for all production channels that contribute down to the 0.5% level of the final cross section, namely $\eta$, $K^+$, $K^-$, $K^0_S$, and $K^0_L$ mesons as well as $\Lambda$, $\Sigma$, and $\Xi$ baryons. We determine the total differential cross section $d\sigma(p+p\rightarrow \gamma+X)/dE_{\gamma}$ from 10 MeV to 100 TeV with an uncertainty of 10% below 10 GeV of $\gamma$-ray energies, increasing to 20% at the TeV energies. We provide numerical tables and a script for the community to access our energy-differential cross sections, which are provided for incident proton (nuclei) energies from 0.1 to $10^7$ GeV (GeV/n).Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures. This version includes also the fit to the LHCf data on $\pi^0$ production. It matches version published by PRD. The updated tables of the energy differential cross sections of gamma rays can be found here: https://github.com/lucaorusa/gamma_cross_sectio

Post vaccinal temporary sensorineural hearing loss

In our systematic research we identified four studies concerning the onset of neurological adverse events following vaccination and two excluding this association. A 33-year-old Italian man, belonging to the Italian Army was hospitalized because he suffered from vertigo, nausea and sudden right hearing loss not classified (NDD), that set in 24 h after the administration of tetanus-diphtheria and meningococcal vaccines. Some neurological events arising after vaccination are very difficult to treat. In our case, the functional recovery on low and medium frequencies was possible about 6 months after the morbid event

A novel prediction for secondary positrons and electrons in the Galaxy

The Galactic flux of cosmic-ray (CR) positrons in the GeV to TeV energy range is very likely due to different Galactic components. One of these is the inelastic scattering of CR nuclei with the atoms of the interstellar medium. The precise amount of this component determines the eventual contribution from other sources. We present here a new estimation of the secondary CR positron flux by incorporating the latest results for the production cross sections of $e^\pm$ from hadronic scatterings calibrated on collider data. All the reactions for CR nuclei up to silicon scattering on both hydrogen and helium are included. The propagation models are derived consistently by fits on primary and secondary CR nuclei data. Models with a small halo size ($L \leq 2$ kpc) are disfavored by the nuclei data although the current uncertainties on the beryllium nuclear cross sections may impact this result. The resulting positron flux shows a strong dependence on the Galactic halo size, increasing up to factor 1.5 moving $L$ from 8 to 2 kpc. Within the most reliable propagation models, the positron flux matches the data for energies below 1 GeV. We verify that secondary positrons contribute less than $70\%$ of the data above a few GeV, corroborating that an excess of positrons is already present at very low energies. At larger energies, our predictions are below the data with the discrepancy becoming more and more pronounced. Our results are provided together with uncertainties due to propagation and hadronic cross sections. The former uncertainties are below 5\% at fixed $L$, while the latter are about 7\% almost independently of the propagation scheme. In addition to the predictions of positrons, we provide new predictions also for the secondary CR electron flux.Comment: Matches published version. Few comments and clarifications added, results unchange

IoT-Aware Architecture to Guarantee Safety of Maintenance Operators in Industrial Plants

One of the most important factors that influence people’s daily lives and their well-being at work is the so-called “worker safety”. Different literature works demonstrated the positive effects on worker mood and well-being brought by the awareness of being in a safe environment and, consequently, less prone to accidents. Every working environment should guarantee safety protection to employees and operators both in normal operations and extraordinary duties (e.g., maintenance operations), however, the industrial domain is the one that is more exposed to risks for workers. Different technologies already accomplished such requirements in “normal” operations, nonetheless, the literature still lacks solutions to also monitor and guide operators during exceptional and dangerous operations (e.g., maintenance). The combination of IoT and Industry 4.0 can guide the research toward the resolution of the maintenance-related exposed problems. This paper proposes an IoT-aware architecture for the industrial domain to support maintenance operators. It was designed to guide them step by step while real-time monitoring plant, machinery, and other employees working in the same area. During the maintenance procedure, the operator is guided in the proper execution of every single step required by maintenance and an autonomous IoT system monitors the status of the different parts of the plants and machinery to, then, authorize and show, the next steps foreseen in the maintenance process. To test the feasibility and usefulness of the proposed system, a prototype was developed and functionally tested through the exploitation of a machinery simulator and a real lathe machine

Numerical Drop Test of a Full Composite Fuselage Section Having Two Components of Velocity

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Outcomes and indications for Emergency Thoracotomy after adoption of a more liberal policy in a western European level 1 Trauma Center: 8-years experience.

Background: The role of Emergency Thoracotomy (ET) in blunt trauma is still a matter of debate and in Europe only small studies have been published. We report our experience about ET both in penetrating and blunt trauma, discussing indications, outcomes and proposing an algorithm for patient selection. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analysed patients who underwent ET at Maggiore Hospital Trauma Center over two periods: from January 1st, 2010 to December 31st, 2012, and from January 1st, 2013 to May 31st, 2017. Demographic and clinical data, mechanism of injury, Injury Severity Score, site of injury, time of witnessed cardiac arrest, presence/absence of signs of life, length of stay, were considered, as well as survival rate and neurological outcome. Results: 27 ETs were performed; 21 after blunt trauma and six after penetrating trauma. Motor vehicle accident was the main mechanism of injury, followed by fall from height. The mean age was 40,5 years and the median Injury Severity Score was of 40. The most frequent injury was cardiac tamponade. The overall survival rate was 10% during the first period and 23.5% during the second period, after the adoption of a more liberal policy. No long term neurological sequelae were reported. Conclusions: The outcomes of ET in trauma patient, either after penetrating or blunt trauma, are poor but not negligible. To date, only small series of ET from European trauma centers have been published, although larger series are available from USA and South Africa. However, in selected patients, all efforts must be made for the patient's survival; the possibility of organ donation should be taken into consideration as well