Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les enjeux sociaux, sciences sociales, politiques, santé – IRIS

Alban Bensa, directeurs d’étudesAntonella Di Trani, Miguel Mazeri, doctorants Anthropologie, villes et architectures À travers l’étude de cas de la Ville nouvelle de Cergy-Pontoise, Caroline de Saint Pierre nous a montrés comment les différents acteurs : décideurs, concepteurs et habitants sont impliqués dans la fabrication et la singularisation d’un espace urbain. La question des politiques urbaines met en évidence la spécificité des Villes nouvelles : l’émergence de principes d’aménagement ..

IRIS – Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les enjeux sociaux – Sciences sociales, politique, santé

Marc Bessin, chargé de recherche au CNRS Genre et temporalités de la question sociale Dans le prolongement des investigations menées les années précédentes autour des activités relationnelles, profanes ou professionnelles, le séminaire de cette année a étudié les enjeux politiques du care, en insistant sur les dimensions temporelles et sexuées. La temporalisation et la sexuation des interventions pour autrui, constituent l’objet d’une sociologie de la présence sociale. Si cette approche étudi..

IRIS – Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les enjeux sociaux, sciences sociales, politiques, santé

Jonathan Friedman, directeur d’étudesNatacha Gagné, professeure agrégée à l’Université d’OttawaPaula Lopez-Caballero, postdoctorante CERI-Sciences PoMarie Salaün, maître de conférences à l’Université Paris-V/Descartes Questions autochtones contemporaines Cette quatrième année du séminaire a vu l’organisation de douze séances et d’une table ronde, du 4 novembre 2010 au 3 février 2011. En moyenne, le séminaire a regroupé une trentaine de participants, ce qui témoigne d’un intérêt grandissant po..

The rapid spread of SARS-COV-2 Omicron variant in Italy reflected early through wastewater surveillance

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant emerged in South Africa in November 2021, and has later been identified worldwide, raising serious concerns. A real-time RT-PCR assay was designed for the rapid screening of the Omicron variant, targeting characteristic mutations of the spike gene. The assay was used to test 737 sewage samples collected throughout Italy (19/21 Regions) between 11 November and 25 December 2021, with the aim of assessing the spread of the Omicron variant in the country. Positive samples were also tested with a real-time RT-PCR developed by the European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), and through nested RT-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. Overall, 115 samples tested positive for Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant. The first occurrence was detected on 7 December, in Veneto, North Italy. Later on, the variant spread extremely fast in three weeks, with prevalence of positive wastewater samples rising from 1.0% (1/104 samples) in the week 5-11 December, to 17.5% (25/143 samples) in the week 12-18, to 65.9% (89/135 samples) in the week 19-25, in line with the increase in cases of infection with the Omicron variant observed during December in Italy. Similarly, the number of Regions/Autonomous Provinces in which the variant was detected increased from one in the first week, to 11 in the second, and to 17 in the last one. The presence of the Omicron variant was confirmed by the JRC real-time RT-PCR in 79.1% (91/115) of the positive samples, and by Sanger sequencing in 66% (64/97) of PCR amplicons. In conclusion, we designed an RT-qPCR assay capable to detect the Omicron variant, which can be successfully used for the purpose of wastewater-based epidemiology. We also described the history of the introduction and diffusion of the Omicron variant in the Italian population and territory, confirming the effectiveness of sewage monitoring as a powerful surveillance tool

Histoires et pratiques dissonantes dans un ghetto en devenir. Anthropologie contemporaine du cas de Venise

The article proposes a new reading of the word ghetto with regard to the dense historical past of the case of Venice, a former enclave whose renewal is underway. While reviewing the semantic trajectory of the word ghetto and its use in different contexts, this contribution aims to show how the inhabitants, Venetian Jews, and young missionaries or newcomers, appropriate the local history of the ghetto in order to reaffirm their belonging to this "historical place", perceived differently by each in terms of the contemporary ghetto’s issues and transformations. Actors initiate narratives and reactivate competing sequences of history depending on their involvement in the ghetto and the meanings that they attach to it. Who owns the ghetto and its history? This question leads to dissonant uses of the past and conflicts of visibility and representation within the public space of an emerging ghetto

Vincent Crapanzano, Tuhami. Portrait d'un Marocain

Il a fallu attendre quatre décennies pour que ce livre de Vincent Crapanzano, professeur d’anthropologie et de littérature comparée au Graduate Center of the City (Université de New York) soit enfin traduit en français. Son caractère expérimental, qui se détache des principes d’une écriture anthropologique consensuelle et qui met au cœur de la réflexion la question de la rencontre ethnographique, explique en partie la réception tardive de l’ouvrage en France. C’est qu’au moment de sa première..

Histoires et pratiques dissonantes dans un ghetto en devenir. Anthropologie contemporaine du cas de Venise

The article proposes a new reading of the word ghetto with regard to the dense historical past of the case of Venice, a former enclave whose renewal is underway. While reviewing the semantic trajectory of the word ghetto and its use in different contexts, this contribution aims to show how the inhabitants, Venetian Jews, and young missionaries or newcomers, appropriate the local history of the ghetto in order to reaffirm their belonging to this "historical place", perceived differently by each in terms of the contemporary ghetto’s issues and transformations. Actors initiate narratives and reactivate competing sequences of history depending on their involvement in the ghetto and the meanings that they attach to it. Who owns the ghetto and its history? This question leads to dissonant uses of the past and conflicts of visibility and representation within the public space of an emerging ghetto

Reinventing the pedagogy: about architectural and urban utopias. The experience of teaching the humanities and social sciences in a school of architecture during a pandemic.

The frenzy of the metropolises calmed down completely during the pandemic, when the economy seemed to come to a standstill, thus raising the question of their sustainability. Perceived space is often dislocated by “flat” screens which are interposed between our bodies and their immediate surroundings, while the space we live in is reduced to the “15-minute city”. The continued teaching of architecture is responsible for the future and training of architects-to-be; the renovation of existing buildings to design built forms is becoming more and more significant, and the health crisis is shaking up our relationship to space in an unprecedented way

The dentist's role in recognizing childhood abuses: study on the dental health of children victims of abuse and witnesses to violence.

Aim up to today, little attention and training has been paid in the Italian dental field, to a dramatically widespread problem, childhood abuse and neglect (CAN). Our research fits into a current of thought on alerting physicians, not only paediatricians, to the problem of abused children. Violence is often part of neglect and carelessness toward children, and it often also concerns their personal hygiene and health care. Aim of our study was to verify the hypothesis that "dental neglect", intended as a specific form of neglect, is often associated to other types of neglect, and therefore it could represent an important sign in indentifying childhood abuse and neglect situations. These were investigated through the comparison between a group of children with psychological disorder and a control group, as far as their dental health is concerned. Our results indicate that the abused children show: a significantly higher dental plaque index (p=.02); a higher gingival inflammation (p=.2); a higher number of untreated decays (p=.004); more evidences of neglect (p=.0002). Additionally the abused subjects were less cooperative during dental visits (p=.0005). Our data support the hypothesis that the abused children in our group are, both under the hygiene point of view and access to treatment, more neglected by their caregivers

Effect of ozone or carbon dioxide pre-treatment during long-term storage of organic table grapes with modified atmosphere packaging

The aim of this study was to maintain the quality of organic table grapes extending its shelf-life during long-term storage by using organic approved methods. The effectiveness of pre-treatments with different concentrations of O3 (5, 10, 20 µL L-1) or CO2 (50%, 70%) followed by storage under modified atmosphere packaging (2%O2-5%CO2) were evaluated on late-season organic Scarlotta table grapes as alternatives to the usual commercial SO2 application. The main quality attributes as mass loss, decay incidence, rachis chlorophyll content, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds and acetaldehyde content, were measured at harvest and after 15, 30, 45 days of cold storage (0°C) under simulated shipping conditions and one week of shelf-life (15°C). The O3 at 20 µL L-1 controlled the concentration of acetaldehyde, preserved rachis chlorophyll content and skin colour; in addition, the cumulative decay incidence was reduced compared to untreated samples, however, CO2 caused organoleptic quality loss with strong stem browning and perceived off-flavours; moreover, it was effective to preserve the initial sensory quality and to control the decay. The results encourage the use of this alternative approach treatment in other cultivars and under commercial conditions