La pensée disciplinaire à la Socìetas Raffaello Sanzio : le choix de l’exclusion

L’histoire du théâtre est une histoire d’exclusion. L’élément qui unit à jamais certains réformateurs du théâtre du XVIIIe siècle — appelés à limiter l’ingérence des désordres qui accompagnaient les séances des spectacles — et des artistes contemporains qui souhaitent s’opposer aux pratiques bourgeoises du théâtre, est ce que nous avons appelé la pensée disciplinaire. Cette figure de pensée se situe aux croisements entre les écritures de la pratique et les écritures de la théorie lors de la naissance d’une nouvelle esthétique. Or, que l’esthétique en question ait comme but la recherche d’une intégration sociale ou, au contraire, un travail de rupture avec les codes en vigueur, elle s’accompagne toujours d’un nouveau système de contraintes, d’un nouvel ordre, paradoxalement demandeur d’une nouvelle exclusion. L’aperçu historique que nous proposons autour de la notion de pensée disciplinaire touchera à des interrogations fondamentales : le vertige de l’aliénation et ses monstres, les tensions entre texte et matière, la relation entre art et culpabilité, la crainte de la punition liée à l’exposition publique qui sont autant de lieux de la pensée et de la pratique artistique qu’on retrouvera aussi bien au XVIIIe siècle que dans le travail de redéfinition de l’art théâtral de la Socìetas Raffaello Sanzio, au XXe siècle.The history of theatre is one of exclusion. What we have designated here as disciplinary thought is that which unites certain theatre reformers of the 18th century called to limit the intrusion of disorders which accompanied representations and contemporary artists who wished to oppose bourgeois practices of theatre. This thought figure is found at the crossroads between practical and theoretical writings when a new aesthetic is born. That this aesthetic aims at social acceptability or on the contrary to break away from existing codes, it is always accompanied by a new system of constraints—a new order—that is paradoxically in need of new exclusions. The historical overview that we propose around the notion of disciplinary thought will concern itself with fundamental interrogations—the vertigo of alienations and its monsters, the tensions between text and matter, the relationship between art and culpability, the fear of punishment in regards to public exposure: all places of thought and artistic practices which we find during the 18th century but also, during the 20th century, in Socìetas Raffaello Sanzio's efforts in redefining theatre

GM-CSF and IL-3 Modulate Human Monocyte TNF-A Production and Renewal in In Vitro Models of Trained Immunity

GM-CSF and IL-3 are hematopoietic cytokines that modulate the effector functions of several immune cell subsets. In particular, GM-CSF and IL-3 exert a significant control on monocyte and macrophage effector functions, as assessed in experimental models of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and in human studies. Here we sought to investigate the mechanisms and the extent to which GM-CSF and IL-3 modulate the pro-inflammatory, LPS-mediated, activation of human CD14+ monocytes taking into account the new concept of trained immunity (i.e. the priming stimulus modulates the response to subsequent stimuli mainly by enhancing immune activation status). We demonstrate that GM-CSF and IL-3 priming enhances TNF-α production upon subsequent LPS stimulation (short-term model of trained immunity) in a p38- and SIRT2-dependent manner without increasing TNF mRNA or primary transcript levels (a more direct measure of transcription), thus supporting a post-transcriptional regulation of TNF- α in primed monocytes. GM-CSF and IL-3 priming followed by 6 days of resting also results in increased TNF-α production upon LPS stimulation (long-term model of trained immunity). In this case, however, GM-CSF and IL-3 priming induces a c-Myc-dependent monocyte renewal and increase in cell number that is in turn responsible for heightened TNF-α production. Overall, our results provide insights to understand the biology of monocytes in health and disease conditions in which the hematopoietic cytokines GM-CSF and IL-3 play a role and also extend our knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of trained immunity

The Kinematic and Chemical Properties of a Potential Core-Forming Clump: Perseus B1-E

We present 13CO and C18O (1-0), (2-1), and (3-2) maps towards the core-forming Perseus B1-E clump using observations from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), Submillimeter Telescope (SMT) of the Arizona Radio Observatory, and IRAM 30 m telescope. We find that the 13CO and C18O line emission both have very complex velocity structures, indicative of multiple velocity components within the ambient gas. The (1-0) transitions reveal a radial velocity gradient across B1-E of 1 km/s/pc that increases from north-west to south-east, whereas the majority of the Perseus cloud has a radial velocity gradient increasing from south-west to north-east. In contrast, we see no evidence of a velocity gradient associated with the denser Herschel-identified substructures in B1-E. Additionally, the denser substructures have much lower systemic motions than the ambient clump material, which indicates that they are likely decoupled from the large-scale gas. Nevertheless, these substructures themselves have broad line widths (0.4 km/s) similar to that of the C18O gas in the clump, which suggests they inherited their kinematic properties from the larger-scale, moderately dense gas. Finally, we find evidence of C18O depletion only toward one substructure, B1-E2, which is also the only object with narrow (transonic) line widths. We suggest that as prestellar cores form, their chemical and kinematic properties are linked in evolution, such that these objects must first dissipate their turbulence before they deplete in CO.Comment: Accepted by ApJ, 34 pages, 12 figure

An integrated targeted and untargeted approach for the analysis of ergot alkaloids in cereals using UHPLC - hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography hybrid quadrupole time of flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) method is described for the simultaneous quantitative determination of common ergot alkaloids and the screening, detection and identification of unexpected (less studied or novel) members of this class of toxic fungal secondary metabolites. The employed analytical strategy involves an untargeted data acquisition (consisting of full scan TOF MS survey and information dependent acquisition MS/MS scans) and the processing of data using both targeted and untargeted approaches. Method performance characteristics for the quantitative analysis of 6 common ergot alkaloids i.e. ergometrine, ergosine, ergotamine, ergocornine, ergocristine, ergokryptine and their corresponding epimers in rye were comparable to those previously reported for triple-quadrupole (QqQ) MS/MS. The method limits of quantification (LOQ) were in the range from 3 to 19 mu g/kg, and good linearity was observed for the different ergot alkaloids in the range from LOQ to 1000 mu g/kg. Furthermore, the method demonstrated good precision (relative standard deviations at 50 mu g/kg not higher than 14.6 and 16.2% for the intra-day and inter-day precision, respectively), and the trueness values at different concentration levels were all between 89 and 115%. The method was applied for the analysis of a set of 17 rye samples and demonstrated the presence of these ergot alkaloids in the range from <LOQ to 2,811 mu g/kg. Further mining of the same data based on a 'non-targeted peak finding' algorithm and the use of full MS and MS/MS accurate mass data allowed the detection and identification of 19 ergot alkaloids that are commonly not included in most analytical methods using QqQ instruments. Some of these alkaloids are reported for the first time in naturally contaminated samples

Scaling-up practical teaching: the one-thousand student week

Multidisciplinary Engineering Education (MEE) is a specialist department at the University of Sheffield, dedicated to the practical teaching of all the University’s engineering students. To deliver this, MEE has a unique building comprising workshops, study spaces, and most importantly 16 laboratories offering a spectrum of lab activities to a population of approximately 4000 students. Effectively managing our resources (staff, equipment, lab space) is challenging due to the heavy demand of student numbers, but an effective approach allows at-scale teaching while ensuring the institutional vision of teaching excellence. This paper presents the approaches used to optimise the “Cantilever Truss” activity, taking place in the MEE Structures Lab. Over the last 5 years, several key stakeholders helped develop this activity’s efficiency and scalability which include academics, technicians, MEE’s timetabling manager and teaching assistants. The key factors in developing the activity were; tuning the learning outcomes for transferability across 3 major courses, optimising the activity tasks for constructive alignment, cross-departmental timetable management, and specialised training for the teaching assistants. The improvements are measured by several teaching design parameters (teaching hours, student numbers, lab “up-time”, cross-disciplinarity), and considered alongside information gathered from teacher reflection forms as well as informal student feedback. This paper discusses how the approaches used have yielded value in optimisation and improvement, before suggesting general elements that could be useful ‘take-aways’ for different contexts and institutions

Children's Cognitive and Emotional Processes in Adult Versus Child-Related Inter-Parental Conflicts

In the literature, little attention has been paid to the specific impact of child-related versus adult-related inter-parental conflicts on children's intrapersonal processes and adjustment. Aimed to advance knowledge on this topic, the cross-sectional study explores: 1) the predictive effects of the two forms of inter-parental conflicts on: a) children's internalizing/externalizing behaviors and b) children's cognitive appraisals, emotional distress, and triangulation; 2) the mediating role of children's cognitive appraisals, emotional distress, and triangulation, in the association between adult-related vs child-related conflict and children's adjustment. Seventy-five school-aged children and their parents completed measures of inter-parental conflict, cognitive, emotional and behavioral processes and child adjustment. The results indicated that: 1) higher levels of adult-related inter-parental conflict promoted children's internalizing behaviors, through the mediation of perceived threat; 2) higher levels of child-related inter-parental discord promoted both children's internalizing/externalzing behaviors, through the mediation of perceived threat and self-blame