102 research outputs found
Vector Dark Matter Detection using the Quantum Jump of Atoms
The hidden sector U(1) vector bosons created from inflationary fluctuations
can be a substantial fraction of dark matter if their mass is around
eV. The creation mechanism makes the vector bosons' energy spectral
density very high. Therefore, the dark electric dipole
transition rate in atoms is boosted if the energy gap between atomic states
equals the mass of the vector bosons. By using the Zeeman effect, the energy
gap between the 2S state and the 2P state in hydrogen atoms or hydrogen like
ions can be tuned. The state can be populated with electrons due to its
relatively long life, which is about s. When the energy gap between the
semi-ground state and the 2P state matches the mass of the cosmic vector
bosons, induced transitions occur and the 2P state subsequently decays into the
1S state. The decay emitted Lyman- photons can then be
registered. The choices of target atoms depend on the experimental facilities
and the mass ranges of the vector bosons. Because the mass of the vector boson
is connected to the inflation scale, the proposed experiment may provide a
probe to inflation.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures; references added; matches version published in
PL
Stimulated Decay of Collapsing Axion Stars and Fast Radio Bursts
The radiation mechanism of fast radio bursts (FRBs) has been extensively
studied but still remains elusive. In the search for dark matter candidates,
the QCD axion and axionlike particles (ALPs) have emerged as prominent
possibilities. These elusive particles can aggregate into dense structures
called axion stars through Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). Such axion stars
could constitute a significant portion of the mysterious dark matter in the
universe. When these axion stars grow beyond a critical mass, usually through
processes like accretion or merging, they undergo a self-driven collapse.
Traditionally, for spherically symmetric axion clumps, the interaction between
axions and photons does not lead to parametric resonance, especially when the
QCD axion-photon coupling is at standard levels. Nevertheless, our study
indicates that even QCD axion stars with typical coupling values can trigger
stimulated decay during their collapse, rather than producing relativistic
axions through self-interactions. This process results in short radio bursts,
with durations of around 0.1 seconds, and can be potentially observed using
radio telescopes like FAST or SKA. Furthermore, we find that collapsing axion
stars for ALPs with specific parameters may emit radio bursts lasting just
milliseconds with a peak luminosity of , matching
the characteristics of the observed non-repeating FRBs
Can Planet 9 be an Axion Star?
The anomalous orbits of Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) can be explained by
the Planet 9 hypothesis. We propose that the Planet 9 can be an axion star.
Axion stars are gravitational bound clusters condensed by QCD axions or
axion-like particles (ALPs), which we call axions for brevity. We find that the
probability of capturing an axion star is the same order of magnitude as the
probability of capturing an free floating planet (FFP), and even higher for the
case of axion star, with axion star mass and
. Although axion star can emit
monochromatic signals through two-photon decay, we find that the frequency of
decay photon is either not within the frequency range of the radio telescope,
or the decay signal is too weak to be detected. Therefore, if Planet 9 is
composed by an axion star, it will be difficult to distinguish it from an
isolated primordial black hole by spontaneous decay of axion
FFHQ-UV: Normalized Facial UV-Texture Dataset for 3D Face Reconstruction
We present a large-scale facial UV-texture dataset that contains over 50,000
high-quality texture UV-maps with even illuminations, neutral expressions, and
cleaned facial regions, which are desired characteristics for rendering
realistic 3D face models under different lighting conditions. The dataset is
derived from a large-scale face image dataset namely FFHQ, with the help of our
fully automatic and robust UV-texture production pipeline. Our pipeline
utilizes the recent advances in StyleGAN-based facial image editing approaches
to generate multi-view normalized face images from single-image inputs. An
elaborated UV-texture extraction, correction, and completion procedure is then
applied to produce high-quality UV-maps from the normalized face images.
Compared with existing UV-texture datasets, our dataset has more diverse and
higher-quality texture maps. We further train a GAN-based texture decoder as
the nonlinear texture basis for parametric fitting based 3D face
reconstruction. Experiments show that our method improves the reconstruction
accuracy over state-of-the-art approaches, and more importantly, produces
high-quality texture maps that are ready for realistic renderings. The dataset,
code, and pre-trained texture decoder are publicly available at
https://github.com/csbhr/FFHQ-UV.Comment: The dataset, code, and pre-trained texture decoder are publicly
available at https://github.com/csbhr/FFHQ-U
Optimal Planning for Deepwater Oilfield Development Under Uncertainties of Crude Oil Price and Reservoir
The development planning of deepwater oilfield directly influences production costs and benefits. However, the uncertainties of crude oil price and reservoir and the special production requirements make it difficult to optimize development planning of deepwater oilfield. Although there have been a number of scholars researching on this issue, previous models just focused on several special working conditions and few have considered energy supply of floating production storage and offloading (FPSO). In light of the normal deepwater production development cycles, in this paper, a multiscenario mixed integer linear programming (MS-MILP) method is proposed based on reservoir numerical simulation, considering the uncertainties of reservoir and crude oil price and the constraint of energy consumption of FPSO, to obtain the globally optimal development planning of deepwater oilfield. Finally, a real example is taken as the study objective. Compared with previous researches, the method proposed in this paper is testified to be practical and reliable
Cyclic Delay-Doppler Shift: A Simple Transmit Diversity Technique for Delay-Doppler Waveforms in Doubly Selective Channels
Delay-Doppler waveform design has been considered as a promising solution to
achieve reliable communication under high-mobility channels for the
space-air-ground-integrated networks (SAGIN). In this paper, we introduce the
cyclic delay-Doppler shift (CDDS) technique for delay-Doppler waveforms to
extract transmit diversity in doubly selective channels. Two simple CDDS
schemes, named time-domain CDDS (TD-CDDS) and modulation-domain CDDS (MD-CDDS),
are proposed in the setting of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). We
demonstrate the applications of CDDS on two representative delay-Doppler
waveforms, namely orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) and affine frequency
division multiplexing (AFDM), by deriving their corresponding CDDS matrices.
Furthermore, we prove theoretically and experimentally that CDDS can provide
OTFS and AFDM with full transmit diversity gain on most occasions
Future trends and research issues of technology-enhanced language learning: A technological perspective
With recent advancements in information technologies and language learning models, rapid innovations of technology-enhanced language learning have been widely witnessed by research communities and educational institutions globally. Powerful new technologies, such as social media and networks, mobile applications, wearable computing, cloud computing, and virtual reality have been integrated into language learning to facilitate various aspects, such as interactivity, immediacy, and authenticity. In this study, we present the Future TELL Model considering learning objectives, theories, and strategies by briefly reviewing recent progresses in this area. Future trends and research issues in technology-enhanced language learning are also discussed in relation to cutting-edge technologies, such as deep neural networks, which have not yet been fully recognized by education technology communities
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