The systematic study of the influence of neutron excess on the fusion cross sections using different proximity-type potentials

Using different types of proximity potentials, we have examined the trend of variations of barrier characteristics (barrier height and its position) as well as fusion cross sections for 50 isotopic systems including various collisions of C, O, Mg, Si, S, Ca, Ar, Ti and Ni nuclei with $1\leq N/Z < 1.6$ condition for compound systems. The results of our studies reveal that the relationships between increase of barrier positions and decrease of barrier heights are both linear with increase of $N/Z$ ratio. Moreover, fusion cross sections also enhance linearly with increase of this ratio.Comment: 28 pages, 7 figures, 5 Table

Insecticide susceptibility status of Phlebotomus argentipes, a vector of visceral leishmaniasis in different foci in three states of India

Background & objectives: Phlebotomus argentipes is the vector for visceral leishmaniasis in India. Thedevelopment of resistance in kala-azar vector to DDT has been reported from various parts of India. The mainobjective of this study was to generate information on insecticides susceptibility status of P. argentipes to DDT,malathion and deltamethrin in different parts in three states of India.Methods: Phlebotomus argentipes were collected from different villages, identified and used to investigate thesusceptibility status against DDT, malathion and deltamethrin as per the WHO standard methods.Results: Phlebotomus argentipes was resistant to DDT in different areas, viz. PHCs Murumgaon in Maharashtra;Ramgarh in Jharkhand; Kodah, Falka, Mahua and Lalganj in Bihar. In Phulwari Shareef PHC of Patna districtin Bihar, DDT produced 89% mortality in P. argentipes, indicating resistant/tolerance (verification required) toDDT. The corrected percent mortality to malathion (5%) in different areas ranged between 98 and 100%; and todeltamethrin (0.05%) between 98.4 and 100%. The results showed that the tested P. argentipes are susceptibleto malathion and deltamethrin.Conclusion: Phlebotomus argentipes are still susceptible to malathion and deltamethrin, but resistant to DDT.The susceptibility status of P. argentipes should be monitored regularly in diversified situations to ascertain thejudicious use of insecticides being used for indoor residual spraying in the programme for rational use ofappropriate insecticide

Implementation of motion transfer in robotic surgery

Minimally invasive surgery is a modern surgical technique in which the operating tools are inserted into the patient through small incisions. Robotic applications in general surgery have evolved from simple surgical assist devices, to more sophisticated systems capable of enhancing surgical performance. The primary class of robots used in general surgery today, are 'master-slave' machines, where the robot mimics the movement of the surgeon. A major drawback with the master-slave robotic systems is the motion coordination between the two. The paper discusses the techniques of motion transfer from master to slave and to implement force feedback from slave to master. Motion is transferred from master surgeon handle to the robotic arm depending on the encoder pulses from master configuration. The pulses from the encoder are processed and fed to the slave, which mimics the hand motion of master configuration. A two channel encoder with DC motor is used in master-slave configuration. The proposed configuration with force feedback capability enables the exact motion coordination between surgeon and robotic surgical system. This technique has a wide application, with accuracy, efficiency, safety and overall user experience that provide superior performance and reliability in master-slave robot-assisted interventions

Not Available

Not AvailableA study was conducted for 3 years (1998- 2000) on the farmer's field in doon valley to evaluate the alllelopathic effects of trees on the understory crops in Paulownia and poplar based agroforestry system. Results revealed that leaf leachates of both trees species significantly affected germination of maize and wheat up to 21% and this negative effect was more with 2.0% concentration of leaf leachates in comparison to control. Further it was noticed that this effect was more pronounced with poplar than paulownia due to more tannin, wax, flavonoides and phenolics present in the leaf leachates of poplar. Higher germination and growth parameters of wheat and maize were recorded with 1 and 2 percent aqueous leaf extract of paulownia - GP leaves. The paulownia clone- GP out performed among all the clones of the two species without any significant negative effect on growth and yield attributes of maize and wheat which indicates its compatibility with crops. Thus, it is inferred that the paulownia clone GP has great potential as an agroforestry tree species in India under the similar Edapho - climatic conditions.Not Availabl

Perinatal Mortality And Pregnancy Wastage In Ten Punjab Villages During 1991-1996 - A Population Based Study

Research question: What is the extent of perinatal mortality and pregnancy wastage in rural Punjab and what are risk factors for the same. Objective: To quantify the perinatal; wastage and risk factors including the prevalence of these factors to determine the loss attributable to these factors in ten Punjab villages during the period 1991-1996. Study Design: Case control. Sample Size: 2519 pregnant women with Known outcome of pregnancy. Study Variables: Cause, timing and factors affecting perinatal mortality and pregnancy wastage (viz Wt.&lt;40kg; Ht, &lt;152cm,BMI, &lt;20 illiteracy, birth to conception interval &lt;100wks, Prematurity (Gestation &lt;37 wks). Registered in IIIrd trimester, Registered in IInd Trimester, Home delivery). Outcome variables: Contribution of these factors in perinatal loss and pregnancy wastage. Analysis; Percentages, Odds ratio, confidence interval and population attributable risk&#x0025;. Results: The perinatal mortality rate was 34.57/1000 and pregnancy wastage was 7.23&#x0025;. Prematurity was the leading cause of perinatal loss. 31.25&#x0025; of perinatal deaths took place within 24 hours and 87.5&#x0025; within 96 hours. In case of perinatal mortality the odds ration were significant (p&lt;0.05) for the following risk factors: weight, height, body mass index, illiteracy, birth to conception interval &lt;1000 weeks, prematurity, registration of pregnancy in IInd trimester, registration of pregnancy in IIIrd trimester, home delivery. In case of pregnancy wastage the odds ratio were significant for the following risk factors: weight, height, body mass index, illiteracy, birth to conception interval &lt;100weeks, prematurity, past history of abortion and low socio-economic status