Comparative evaluation of solubility, cytotoxicity and photostability studies of resveratrol and oxyresveratrol loaded nanosponges

Resveratrol and oxyresveratrol are natural polyphenolic stilbenes with several important pharmacological activities. However, low solubility and aqueous instability are the major limitations in their drug delivery applications. In the present work, we demonstrated the encapsulation of resveratrol and oxyresveratrol with nanosponge to improve solubility and stability. Several characterization techniques were used to confirm the encapsulation of both drug molecules within the nanosponges. The high encapsulation efficiency of resveratrol (77.73%) and oxyresveratrol (80.33%) was achieved within the nanosponges. Transmission electron microscopy suggested uniform spherical size particles of resveratrol and oxyresveratrol loaded nanosponges. Compared to free drugs, better protection against UV degradation was observed for resveratrol-loaded nanosponge (2-fold) and oxyresveratrol-loaded nanosponge (3-fold). Moreover, a higher solubilization of resveratrol- and oxyresveratrol-loaded nanosponges lead to a better antioxidant activity compared to drug molecules alone. Cytotoxicity studies against DU-145 prostate cancer cell lines further suggested improved activity of both resveratrol and oxyresveratrol-loaded nanosponges without any significant toxicity of blank nanosponges

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Not AvailableAmong the various constraints experienced by the small farms on their management and policy intervention, an estimate of crop yields is critical for decision-making relating to agro-advisories, crop insurance, resource use, profitability, supply chains, etc. Remotely sensed data could be effectively integrated into empirical models to assess yields. We present a case study to map the wheat yield of small farms over a region using the InfoCrop simulation model and remote sensing derived leaf area index (LAI). The study employed look-up-table (LUT) based inversion of the radiative transfer model approach for estimation of LAI from remote sensing images and used a simulation model to develop empirical biometric relation between simulated LAI and simulated crop yields. The simulation model-derived biometric relation was applied to the farms in a region using remote sensing-derived LAI to estimate work. Both LUT-based LAI estimation and biometric relation-based yield estimation is computationally efficient and showed an accuracy better than 10 percent for the monitored farms. The approach was extended to a large district of Ganganagar in India to capture yield variations in a good crop year versus a bad crop year. The approach presented has the potential for easy adoption for operational use by agencies.Not Availabl

Electrooxidation of Hydrazine Utilizing High-Entropy Alloys: Assisting the Oxygen Evolution Reaction at the Thermodynamic Voltage

Hydrazine electrooxidation is an important reaction as it assists in decreasing the OER overvoltage. Herein, we report the utilization of high entropy nano-catalyst alloy for the electrooxidation of hydrazine. High entropy nano-catalyst comprising five elements (Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Cu) shows profound activity towards this molecule at low overvoltage. An intriguingly high entropy nano-catalyst prepared by the casting-cum-cryomilling method is endowed with unique catalytic activity for HzOR. Detailed analysis of gaseous product points to the formation of nitrogen as well as oxygen as the oxidation product, a sign of accompanying oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Interestingly, significant oxygen is detected at 1.13 V (RHE) in a neutral buffered medium, confirming that OER is functional at a voltage near to the thermodynamic voltage of 1.23V (RHE). The quantitative contribution of each hydrazine and OER reaction is ascertained which explains a vital insight into this reaction. Density functional theory calculations showed that both HzOR and OER assist each other where the electron-donating effect of H2O to the surface can reduce the endothermicity of the HzOR. Whereas, the electron acceptance of *NHNH2 helps in the favorable overlap of the HEA Fermi level and vacant states with the HOMO of H2O

ADMET informatics of Plant Derived n-Hexadecanoic Acid (Palmitic Acid) from ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera leaf extract

Palmitic Acid (PA) is known to exert multiple fundamental biological functions at cellular and tissue levels and its steady concentration is guaranteed by its endogenous synthesis by DNL. PA has been for a long time negatively represented for its detrimental health effects tailing its essential physiological attributes. PA has been portrayed to serve as a signalling molecule regulating the progression and development of many diseases at molecular level. Controversial data on the association of dietary PA with detrimental health effects has been related to several parameters such as fatty acid/ macronutrient imbalance by altered lipid metabolism, positive energy balance, excessive intake of carbohydrates, imbalance of dietary PA/PUFA, physiopathological conditions, presence of enhanced DNL and sedentary lifestyle. This may result in dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, increased ectopic fat accumulation and increased inflammatory tone indicating that clear understanding of system based PA metabolism is still lacking. In the present study an attempt has been made to bring out the absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity profile of PA. Results are expected to have some implications in elucidating the molecular mechanisms that regulates pathophysiological events involved in hyperglycemia/ hyperlipidemia-induced complications associated with diabesity and CVD. Besides it may provide a better understanding to identify key molecular targets for therapeutic management of PA induced metabolic disorders. Keywords: Moringa oleifera; MOLE; Bioactive Secondary Metabolites; ADME/Tox; Natural Products (NPs); PBNPs; PDHA; n-Hexadecanoic Acid (nHDA); Palmitic Acid (PA

ADMET informatics of Tetradecanoic acid (Myristic Acid) from ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera leaves

In-silico Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) often comprehends virtual screening (VS) of datasets of natural pharmaco-active compounds for drug discovery protocols. Plant Based Natural Products (PBNPs) still, remains to be a prime source of pharmaco-active compounds due to their unique chemical structural scaffolds and functionalities with distinct chemical characteristic feature from natural source that are much acquiescent to drug metabolism and kinetics. In the Post-COVID-Era number of publications pertaining to PBNPs and publicly accessible plant based natural product databases (PBNPDBs) has significantly increased. Moreover, PBNPs are important sources of inspiration or starting points to develop novel therapeutic agents. However, a well-structured, in-depth ADME/Tox profile of PBNPs has been limited or lacking for many of such compounds, this hampers the successful exploitation of PBNPs by pharma industries. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties play key roles in the discovery/ development of drugs, pesticides, food additives, consumer products, and industrial chemicals. In the present study, ADMET-informatics of Tetradecanoic Acid (Myristic Acid) from ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera leaves to predict drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) outcomes has been taken up. This work contributes to the deeper understanding of Myristic acid as major source of drug from commonly available medicinal plant - Moringa oleifera with immense therapeutic potential. The data generated herein could be useful for NP based lead generation programs. Keywords: Moringa oleifera; Secondary Metabolites; Bioactive Substances; Myristic acid (MA); DMPK; ADME/Tox; Natural Products (NPs); PBNPs; PBNPDB