Identification of typing behaviors from large keystroke dataset

In this thesis work, keystroke-level typing data of over 168000 participants are analyzed to understand determinants of transcription typing behaviors. Keystroke patterns are analyzed in detail and linked to typing performance. Inter-Key Intervals of letter pairs and other statistical indicators of typing performance are calculated and their distributions and statistical relations are studied. These analyses show, among other findings, that Inter-Key Intervals in typing distant letter pairs in the keyboard are more predictive than other letter pairs, e.g. letter repetitions. Rollover typing, where the next key is pressed before the previous key is released, is prevalent widely, linked to faster typing with high correlation. Finally, medoids-based (PAM) unsupervised clustering of participants is performed to identify groups of typists with similar typing characteristics, and the findings from the clusters are interpreted in terms of performance, accuracy, hand movements and rollover behaviors

Accuracy of transverse cerebellar diameter by ultrasonography in the evaluation gestational age of fetus

Background &amp; Objectives: Estimation of the length of gestation is of paramount importance to obstetricians. The fetal cerebellum grows progressively along gestational period and transverse cerebellar diameter can be used as a new biometric parameter to assess the gestational age of fetus. This study was done to evaluate the accuracy transverse cerebellar diameter against other regularly measured parameters like biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length in pregnant women between 15 to 40 weeks of gestation.Materials &amp; Methods: In this study of 60 pregnant women between 15-40 weeks of gestation, all the parameters like biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length and transverse cerebellar diameter were measured with ultrasonography. The measured values were then correlated with gestational age using regression coefficient.Results: Gestational age estimated by transverse cerebellar diameter (R2 = 0.989; p &lt; 0.001) had good predictive value which was comparable to gestational age estimated by biparietal diameter (R2 =0.929; P &lt; 0.01), head circumference (R2 =0.964; P &lt; 0.01), abdominal circumference (R2 =0.931; P &lt; 0.01) and fetal length (R2 = 0.966; P &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: Transverse cerebellar diameter has a good predictive accuracy for gestational age estimation which is comparableto other routinely used parameters and can be used as an alternative parameter to predict the gestational age.</p

Observations on typing from 136 million keystrokes

| openaire: EC/H2020/637991/EU//COMPUTEDWe report on typing behaviour and performance of 168,000 volunteers in an online study. The large dataset allows detailed statistical analyses of keystroking patterns, linking them to typing performance. Besides reporting distributions and confirming some earlier findings, we report two new findings. First, letter pairs typed by different hands or fingers are more predictive of typing speed than, for example, letter repetitions. Second, rollover-typing, wherein the next key is pressed before the previous one is released, is surprisingly prevalent. Notwithstanding considerable variation in typing patterns, unsupervised clustering using normalised inter-key intervals reveals that most users can be divided into eight groups of typists that differ in performance, accuracy, hand and finger usage, and rollover. The code and dataset are released for scientific use.Peer reviewe

Correlation of Imaging Findings with Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer

Background: Ultrasound and Mammography are first-line imaging in breast cancer. The management of malignant breast lesions depends on molecular biomarkers in the tumor cells. This study aims to correlate different imaging findings in breast carcinoma with immune-histology subtypes. Methods: The study was a retrospective study conducted between 2018 January to 2021 December. Patients with malignant breast lesions who underwent USG-guided biopsy of breast lesions were included in the study. Ultrasound and mammographic findings of these patients were retrieved in PACS and analyzed. Malignant breast lesions were classified according to molecular markers into Luminal A, Luminal B, Her- 2 enriched, and triple-negative breast cancers. The correlation between imaging findings and molecular subtypes of breast cancer was analyzed. Results: A total of 42 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients in our study was 52.24+/-13.54 years with median of 51 years (IQ range-19.5 years). The most common IHC subtype was Luminal type B (22, 52.4%), followed by triple negative (15, 35.7%), luminal type A (4, 9.5%) and least common was Her-2 enriched (1, 2.4%). Mammogram was non-diagnostic in 9.5% of case. Oval shape and well marginated margin in ultrasound were more frequently associated with triple negative breast cancer than other subtypes (P<0.05). Rest of the characteristics of triple negative and other malignancies were not significantly difference in our study. No significant difference is noted between mammographic findings between various subtypes. Conclusions: Triple negative breast cancer was more common in our population than in the west. Triple-negative breast cancers are more frequently well-defined and oval in shape mimicking benign lesions. Keywords: Breast cancer; mammography; molecular subtypes; ultrasoun

Exergy analysis for enhanced performance of integrated batch reverse osmosis – Forward osmosis system for brackish water treatment

Concept of integrated brackish water batch reverse osmosis – forward osmosis (BRO – FO) is relatively new in the field of desalination. Recovery of the reverse osmosis (RO) system can be elevated using the free piston BRO concept, and the specific energy consumption (SEC) can be reduced. This study focuses on exergy, advanced exergy, and parametric analysis of the integrated BRO - FO system. The conventional exergy analysis suggests that the largest rate of exergy destruction is associated with the system's RO membrane module and pump, with values of 6.51 and 87.06 %, respectively. However, advanced exergy analysis shows that this rate can be reduced by 3.53 % and 62.89 %, respectively. Endogenous exergy destruction of pumps and membranes is higher compared to exogenous exergy destruction. These results are utilised to determine the system's optimal performance using parametric analysis. Sensitivity analysis was utilised to obtain an optimum recovery for system design, fresh water cost (FWC), and specific solution cost (SSC). The BRO can achieve &gt;80 % recovery with 0.43 kWh/m3 SEC, and FO technology helps to attain minimal/zero waste discharge. Thus, a FWC of 0.50 $/m3 and a SWC of 0.44$/m3 can be achieved

Exergy analysis for enhanced performance of integrated batch reverse osmosis – Forward osmosis system for brackish water treatment

Concept of integrated brackish water batch reverse osmosis – forward osmosis (BRO – FO) is relatively new in the field of desalination. Recovery of the reverse osmosis (RO) system can be elevated using the free piston BRO concept, and the specific energy consumption (SEC) can be reduced. This study focuses on exergy, advanced exergy, and parametric analysis of the integrated BRO - FO system. The conventional exergy analysis suggests that the largest rate of exergy destruction is associated with the system's RO membrane module and pump, with values of 6.51 and 87.06 %, respectively. However, advanced exergy analysis shows that this rate can be reduced by 3.53 % and 62.89 %, respectively. Endogenous exergy destruction of pumps and membranes is higher compared to exogenous exergy destruction. These results are utilised to determine the system's optimal performance using parametric analysis. Sensitivity analysis was utilised to obtain an optimum recovery for system design, fresh water cost (FWC), and specific solution cost (SSC). The BRO can achieve &gt;80 % recovery with 0.43 kWh/m3 SEC, and FO technology helps to attain minimal/zero waste discharge. Thus, a FWC of 0.50 $/m3 and a SWC of 0.44$/m3 can be achieved

Developing a Case-Based Blended Learning Ecosystem to Optimize Precision Medicine: Reducing Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment

Introduction: Precision medicine aims to focus on meeting patient requirements accurately, optimizing patient outcomes, and reducing under-/overdiagnosis and therapy. We aim to offer a fresh perspective on accuracy driven “age-old precision medicine” and illustrate how newer case-based blended learning ecosystems (CBBLE) can strengthen the bridge between age-old precision approaches with modern technology and omics-driven approaches. Methodology: We present a series of cases and examine the role of precision medicine within a “case-based blended learning ecosystem” (CBBLE) as a practicable tool to reduce overdiagnosis and overtreatment. We illustrated the workflow of our CBBLE through case-based narratives from global students of CBBLE in high and low resource settings as is reflected in global health. Results: Four micro-narratives based on collective past experiences were generated to explain concepts of age-old patient-centered scientific accuracy and precision and four macro-narratives were collected from individual learners in our CBBLE. Insights gathered from a critical appraisal and thematic analysis of the narratives were discussed. Discussion and conclusion: Case-based narratives from the individual learners in our CBBLE amply illustrate their journeys beginning with “age-old precision thinking” in low-resource settings and progressing to “omics-driven” high-resource precision medicine setups to demonstrate how the approaches, used judiciously, might reduce the current pandemic of over-/underdiagnosis and over-/undertreatment