22 research outputs found

    Multi-Document Summarization using Distributed Bag-of-Words Model

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    As the number of documents on the web is growing exponentially, multi-document summarization is becoming more and more important since it can provide the main ideas in a document set in short time. In this paper, we present an unsupervised centroid-based document-level reconstruction framework using distributed bag of words model. Specifically, our approach selects summary sentences in order to minimize the reconstruction error between the summary and the documents. We apply sentence selection and beam search, to further improve the performance of our model. Experimental results on two different datasets show significant performance gains compared with the state-of-the-art baselines

    Correlation of Serum Adiponectin Level with Insulin Resistance in Healthy Obese Individuals: A Case-control Study

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    Introduction: Obesity, emerging as a worldwide health burden having potential risk for development of atherosclerosis, diabetes, coagulopathy, arthritis and metabolic syndrome. Obesity is classified in terms of various anthropometric modalities like Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC) and Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) etc. Adipocyte secretes adiponectin that has an important role in energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Adiponectin level reduces in obesity and its deficiency results in higher incidence of insulin resistance. Adiponectin has insulin sensitising, antiatherogenic and anti inflammatory properties. Aim: To compare the level of serum adiponectin, fasting plasma insulin and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) in healthy obese individuals with healthy non obese controls and also to find out the correlation of serum adiponectin with fasting plasma insulin level and HOMA-IR in healthy obese cases. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry, MKCG MCH, Berhampur, Odisha, India, during the period of October 2019 to October 2020 which included 86 subjects. Of which 43 were healthy obese individuals and 43 were age and sex matched healthy non obese volunteers, in the age group of 20-45 years were taken as controls. About 4 mL of whole blood was collected to measure fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin and serum adiponectin. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 was used to do the statistical analysis and for correlation Pearson correlation test was done. Results: In present study, maximum cases and controls were within the range of 20-35 years. Out of 43 cases, 25 were males and 18 were females and out of 43 controls, 27 were males and 16 were females. Insulin resistance and Fasting Plasma Glucose were significantly higher in healthy obese cases as compared to controls. Serum adiponectin in cases (2.35±0.77) was found to be significantly lower than controls (8.10±2.98). Present study found statistically significant negative correlation of serum adiponectin with fasting plasma insulin (r=-0.918, p<0.001) and HOMA-IR (r=-0.934, p<0.001). Conclusion: Negative correlation of adiponectin and positive correlation of insulin resistance in obesity suggest inflammation which may lead to development of metabolic syndrome. So adiponectin is a target for future research to reduce morbidity and mortality in relation to obesity

    Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

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    BACKGROUND: Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. METHODS: We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to estimate age-specific and sex-specific death rates for each location-year. Using various international databases, we identified fatal discontinuities, which we defined as increases in the death rate of more than one death per million, resulting from conflict and terrorism, natural disasters, major transport or technological accidents, and a subset of epidemic infectious diseases; these were added to estimates in the relevant years. In 47 countries with an identified peak adult prevalence for HIV/AIDS of more than 0·5% and where VR systems were less than 65% complete, we informed our estimates of age-sex-specific mortality using the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)-Spectrum model fitted to national HIV/AIDS prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance systems. We estimated stillbirths, early neonatal, late neonatal, and childhood mortality using both survey and VR data in spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models. We estimated abridged life tables for all location-years using age-specific death rates. We grouped locations into development quintiles based on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and analysed mortality trends by quintile. Using spline regression, we estimated the expected mortality rate for each age-sex group as a function of SDI. We identified countries with higher life expectancy than expected by comparing observed life expectancy to anticipated life expectancy on the basis of development status alone. FINDINGS: Completeness in the registration of deaths increased from 28% in 1970 to a peak of 45% in 2013; completeness was lower after 2013 because of lags in reporting. Total deaths in children younger than 5 years decreased from 1970 to 2016, and slower decreases occurred at ages 5-24 years. By contrast, numbers of adult deaths increased in each 5-year age bracket above the age of 25 years. The distribution of annualised rates of change in age-specific mortality rate differed over the period 2000 to 2016 compared with earlier decades: increasing annualised rates of change were less frequent, although rising annualised rates of change still occurred in some locations, particularly for adolescent and younger adult age groups. Rates of stillbirths and under-5 mortality both decreased globally from 1970. Evidence for global convergence of death rates was mixed; although the absolute difference between age-standardised death rates narrowed between countries at the lowest and highest levels of SDI, the ratio of these death rates-a measure of relative inequality-increased slightly. There was a strong shift between 1970 and 2016 toward higher life expectancy, most noticeably at higher levels of SDI. Among countries with populations greater than 1 million in 2016, life expectancy at birth was highest for women in Japan, at 86·9 years (95% UI 86·7-87·2), and for men in Singapore, at 81·3 years (78·8-83·7) in 2016. Male life expectancy was generally lower than female life expectancy between 1970 and 2016, an

    Nations within a nation: variations in epidemiological transition across the states of India, 1990–2016 in the Global Burden of Disease Study

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    18% of the world's population lives in India, and many states of India have populations similar to those of large countries. Action to effectively improve population health in India requires availability of reliable and comprehensive state-level estimates of disease burden and risk factors over time. Such comprehensive estimates have not been available so far for all major diseases and risk factors. Thus, we aimed to estimate the disease burden and risk factors in every state of India as part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2016

    Using Relations to Index Biological Document Repositories for Efficient Searching

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    In this paper we propose a rule-based mechanism using Natural Language Processing techniques for extracting biological relations from biomedical text documents. While the rules identify frequently occurring patterns that can be potential relations, significant relations are identified using statistical analysis. Evaluation of the technique has been done on MEDLINE abstracts obtained from the GENIA corpus. Results indicate that our technique has good potential for other text mining applications also. Preliminary analysis shows that indexing biomedical documents on these relations can facilitate high precision document retrieval. 1
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