Comparative Analysis of E-Governance Models

Online working of a government or providing its services online to its citizens at their access is known as E-Governance. E-Governance is E-Commerce tool means online accessibility of government services. The technology and the methods used in E-Governance plan provide a roadmap for well-organized delivery of services at the door step. In today’s time the development of any country depends on the uses of E-Governance and also their dispersion Development of any country can be reviewed by the extent of E-Governance in that country. Moreover, today’s government has also full confidence in E-Governance and its widespread network across the world proves it. E-government security is a key problem to confine the structure and development of E-government systems in any country over the world. E-Government security models are broadly used in the implementation and development of e-government systems. Due to the deference situation of the countries over the world there are diverse security models applied in each country. . Based on this analysis, the security requirements of the data and the applications have been formulated in the form of security parameters like confidentiality, integrity and availability as well the access requirements of the roles. The overall aim of this research is to review the available existing E-governance security models, find out their merits and demerits and analysis of the available models with respect of security in E-Governance. This paper discusses about the possible threats and vulnerabilities for different data locations separately for different models. Here data are considered for four states: data in store, data in process, data in transit and data in destination

Titanium elastic nailing in femoral diaphyseal fractures of children in 6-14 years of age

Introduction: This study comprised of evaluation of result of titanium elastic nailing in paediatric femoral diaphyseal fractures of children in 6-14 years of age. Material and Methods:.28 patients were treated with titanium elastic nailing.Evalaution was done on the basis of clinical and radiological evidences.Results: Primary union was achieved in allpatients Mean time to union was about 8-12weeks. Mean operation time 65 minutes. There were 4case of patient who showed entry site irritation.Functional outcome was good for all those acheived union. Conclusion: It was seen that excellent level of bone union was achieved by performing tens nail fixation in paediatric femoral fractures.The titanium elastic nailing is an effective and viable treatment option in selected cases of femoral diaphyseal fractures in the 6-16 years age group

Fibular fixation as an adjuvant to tibial intramedullary nailing in the treatment of combined distal third tibia and fibula fractures : a prospective observational study

Distal 1/3rd extraarticular tibia fractures are common in trauma centers. It is often the result of high energy trauma,usually associated with distal fibular fractures. Tibia interlocking nail is an established way of treating these fractures. Fixation of fibular fractures in distal tibial metaphyseal fractures is controversial, although fixation of the fibular fracture by a plate partially stabilizes fractures of the distal tibial shaft and considered in distal tibial fractures treated with intramedullary fixation to prevent valgus deformity even there is increased potential for delaying the tibial fracture healing. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the functional and radiological outcome of fractures of distal third tibia and fibula treated by interlocking nail of tibia with fibular plating and without fibular plating. Material and Methods: A total of 48 patients who had fractures of lower third tibia and fibula are included in this study. 48 patients were divided into two groups I and II (24 patients in each group) based on fibular fixation. Results: Functional results were evaluated based on radiological and biological union and absence or presence of complications. In Group A 3 out of 22 patients (13%) showed non union and in Group B 2 out of 21 patients (9%). In Group A 2 out of 22 patients (9%) showed malunion at end of 6 months and in Group B 3 out of 21 patients (8%). In Group A 15 out of 22 patients (68.8%) showed union at end of 6 months without complications and in Group B 14 out of 21 patients (66.66%).Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that union occurred in both groups where fibula was fixed and not fixed with same rates of complications in both groups except infection which was higher in fibula plating cases. In cases where fibula fixation wasn’t planned and distal tibia reduction was achieved using percutaneous clamp.If intraoperatively,reduction wasn’t possible it was seen that if fibula was fixed first then better reduction was achieved. A long term study is required for further exploration on indications of fibular plating in distal fractures of tibia

The Unsolved Fracture Treatment Options, Radiological and Functional Outcome comparison in Fracture Neck of Femur in Elderly Population

The fracture neck of femur has posed a great challenge to the orthopaedic surgeons since a long time. In spite of so many methods and procedures which have been tried to overcome this mishap, it still lives up to its disrepute of being the “unsolved fracture”, as far as treatment and results are concerned. This study has been done retrospectively in the Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Centre in J. A. Group of Hospitals, Gwalior (M. P.) patients with intracapsular fracture neck of femur, in Age Group >60 years with no other significant medical or surgical comorbidities .Our study concluded that The present study showed that total hip arthroplasty compared to internal fixation and hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of femoral neck fractures significantly reduces the risk of reoperation at the cost of higher blood loss and increased surgical time . though the incidence of other complication were at par what was given in literature , hemiarthroplasty was not a good surgery for patients who have a longer life expectancy. Because With the increasing time after surgery, there was an increasing proportion of patients with painful hip. and prosthetic protrusion and subsequent revision to THA.. Furthermore postoperative function as evaluated by the Harris hip score was significantly higher in the total hip arthroplasty compared to the internal fixation and hemiarthroplasty group ,up to two year of evaluation. The findings suggest that in the THA group, good functional outcome like early rehabilitation, better function and clinical results and reduced incidence of complications and good patient compliance so total hip arthroplasty might be a better choice than internal fixation and hemiarthroplasty in treating elderly patients with a femoral neck fracture