Soy Isoflavones May Reverse Bone Loss in an Ovariectomized Rat Model of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Soy protein is reported to prevent bone loss in both women and rat models of osteoporosis. However, the role of soy isoflavones on the trabecular microarchitectural properties needs to be explored. In the present study, we examined whether soy protein with graded doses of isoflavones reverses loss of bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and trabecular microstructure in an ovariectomized (Ovx) osteopenic rat model. Seventy-eight 9-m old female Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham-operated (Sham; 1 group) or Ovx (5 groups) and fed a semi-purified casein-based diet. After 90 days the occurrence of bone loss was confirmed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Thereafter, rats were assigned to the following treatments: Sham, Ovx (control), Ovx+17β-estradiol (Esub# 2/sub#; 10 μg/kg body wt. twice per wk), Ovx + soy protein depleted of isoflavones (Soy-; 0.06 mg isoflavones/g protein), Ovx + soy protein with normal isoflavone content (Soy; 3.55 mg isoflavones/g protein), and Ovx + soy protein enriched isoflavones (Soy+; 7.10 mg isoflavones/g protein). Findings and Conclusions: After 125 days of treatment, rats were euthanized and tissues were collected for the assessment of BMD and BMC, and tibial and 4th lumbar trabecular micro-architectural properties via x-ray microcomputed tomography. Soy significantly increased tibial BMC and BMD by 10 % and 4.5% in comparison with Ovx control, whereas the effects of Soy-, Soy+ and E2 were less pronounced. All of the soy-based diets, irrespective of their isoflavone content, had a modest effect on the lumbar BMD. However, only the Soy+ diet positively affected the tibial architectural properties including trabecular thickness, separation, and number. None of the treatments had any effect on trabecular microarchitectural properties of the fourth lumbar vertebra. In summary, our findings suggest that isoflavones may exert a biphasic effect on tibial BMD, and higher doses of isoflavones may be required to reverse the loss of tibial microstructural properties.Department of Nutritional Science

Formulation and Evaluation of Losartan Potassium and Hydrochlorthiazide Conventional Tablets.

This study is to formulate an conventional release oral solid dosage form of Losartan potassium and hydrochlorthiazide which is considered to be stable, robust quality and pharmaceutically equivalent to that of the reference [marketed] product for the treatment of Hypertension.The aim is to develop and evaluate immediate release tablets with different compositions of excipients which will meet the standards to that of the reference product with the subsequent achievement of invitro correlation with the reference product. The stable robust quality of losartan potassium and hydrochlorthiazide conventional tablets are formulated. The formulated tablets are compared with the specifications of the innovator and the optimised formulation complies with the specifications. The disintegrant used in the formulation is low substituted hydroxyl propyl cellulose which is different from that of the innovator and even the binder differs from the innovator even though the specifications of the evaluation are complied as per the specifications. The optimised formulation is kept for stability studies and the results are good

Trans-, trans-conjugated linoleic acid compositions and use thereof

The invention relates generally to trans-,trans-conjugated linoleic acid compositions and their use , in particular to trans-,trans-conjugated linoleic acid produced from photoisomerization of soy oil in the presence of an antioxidant, and are used in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and human and animal food compositions for improved health. The invention also relates generally to a method for treatment and prevention of health-related disorders of obesity by administration of pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and/or food compositions containing and/or prepared from trans-,trans-conjugated linoleic acid-rich soy oil

Minimization of free radical damage by metal catalysis of multivitamin/multimineral supplements

Multivitamin/multimineral complexes are the most common dietary supplements. Unlike minerals in foods that are incorporated in bioorganic structures, minerals in dietary supplements are typically in an inorganic form. These minerals can catalyze the generation of free radicals, thereby oxidizing antioxidants during digestion. Here we examine the ability of a matrix consisting of an amino acid and non-digestible oligosaccharide (AAOS) to blunt metal-catalyzed oxidations. Monitoring of ascorbate radical generated by copper shows that ascorbate is oxidized more slowly with the AAOS matrix than with copper sulfate. Measurement of the rate of oxidation of ascorbic acid and Trolox® by catalytic metals confirmed the ability of AAOS to slow these oxidations. Similar results were observed with iron-catalyzed formation of hydroxyl radicals. When compared to traditional forms of minerals used in supplements, we conclude that the oxidative loss of antioxidants in solution at physiological pH is much slower when AAOS is present

Soy protein supplementation does not cause lymphocytopenia in postmenopausal women

BACKGROUND: The health benefits of soy isoflavones have been widely investigated; however, there are some concerns as to whether soy isoflavones, similar to ipriflavone, a synthetic isoflavone, cause lymphocytopenia in postmenopausal women. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which 12-month supplementation of 25 g soy protein containing 60 mg isoflavones alters lymphocyte counts or other hematological parameters in postmenopausal women who were not on hormone replacement therapy. METHODS: Eighty-seven postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to receive either soy protein or an equivalent amount of control protein devoid of isoflavones. Fasting venous blood was collected at baseline and at the end of twelve month study period for complete blood count analyses. RESULTS: Between the two treatment groups, the percent changes in hematological parameters, including lymphocytes, were not different. While women consuming the soy supplement had an increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red cell distribution width index (RDW; a marker of reticulocytes), women consuming the control diet had higher percentage of only MCHC. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results of the present study indicate that consumption of 25 g soy protein containing 60 mg isoflavones daily for one year does not cause lymphocytopenia

One year soy protein supplementation has positive effects on bone formation markers but not bone density in postmenopausal women

BACKGROUND: Although soy protein and its isoflavones have been reported to reduce the risk of osteoporosis in peri- and post-menopausal women, most of these studies are of short duration (i.e. six months). The objective of this study was to examine if one year consumption of soy-containing foods (providing 25 g protein and 60 mg isoflavones) exerts beneficial effects on bone in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Eighty-seven eligible postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to consume soy or control foods daily for one year. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of the whole body, lumbar (L1-L4), and total hip were measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after one year. Blood and urine markers of bone metabolism were also assessed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Sixty-two subjects completed the one-year long study. Whole body and lumbar BMD and BMC were significantly decreased in both the soy and control groups. However, there were no significant changes in total hip BMD and BMC irrespective of treatment. Both treatments positively affected markers of bone formation as indicated by increased serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) activity, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and osteocalcin (BSAP: 27.8 and 25.8%, IGF-I: 12.8 and 26.3%, osteocalcin: 95.2 and 103.4% for control and soy groups, respectively). Neither of the protein supplements had any effect on urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion, a marker of bone resorption. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that although one year supplementation of 25 g protein per se positively modulated markers of bone formation, this amount of protein was unable to prevent lumbar and whole body bone loss in postmenopausal women

Ten-Year Trends in Fiber and Whole Grain Intakes and Food Sources for the United States Population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2010

Current U.S. dietary guidance includes recommendations to increase intakes of both dietary fiber and whole grain (WG). This study examines fiber and WG intakes, food sources and trends from 2001 to 2010 based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for children/adolescents (n = 14,973) and adults (n = 24,809). Mean fiber intake for children/adolescents was 13.2 (±0.1) g/day. Mean fiber intake for adults 19–50 years (y) was 16.1 (±0.2) g/day and for adults 51+ was 16.1 (±0.2) g/day. There were significant increases in fiber intake from 2001–2010 for children/adolescents and for adults 51+ y. Mean WG intake for children/adolescents was 0.52 (±0.01) oz eq/day. Mean WG intake for adults 19–50 y was 0.61 (±0.02) oz eq/day and for adults 51+ 0.86 (±0.02) oz eq/day. There were no significant changes in WG intake for any age group from 2001–2010. The main food groups contributing to dietary fiber intake for children/adolescents were vegetables (16.6%), grain mixtures (16.3%), other foods (15.8%) and fruits (11.3%). For adults 19+ y, the main sources of dietary fiber were vegetables (22.6%), other foods (14.3%), grain mixtures (12.0%) and fruits (11.1%). Major WG sources for children/adolescents included ready-to-eat cereals (RTEC) (31%), yeast breads/rolls (21%) and crackers and salty grain snacks (21%). The main sources of WG for adults 19+ were yeast breads/rolls (27%), RTEC (23%) and pastas/cooked cereals/rice (21%). Recommending cereals, breads and grain mixtures with higher contents of both dietary fiber and WG, along with consumer education, could increase intakes among the United States (U.S.) population